经济

In recent years, with the development of economy and society, LRAS can decreasingly meet the requirements of the market economy development. Especially, as the essential safeguard profession. LRAS joins in the nations macroeconomic control; it is high time to enhance LRAS.

近几年来，随着经济社会的发展，国土资源管理体制已经越来越不适应市场经济发展的要求，特别是国土资源作为经济社会的基础性保障行业，直接参与国家经济宏观调控后，深化体制改革，加强国土资源管理已势在必行。

as the development of economic globalization deeping, the opening of china's government purchasing market is the requirement of economic development; to open the purchasing market and improve the competitiveness of the enterprises domestic is the necessity of economic development.

随着经济全球化的深入，我国政府采购市场的开放是经济发展自身的要求。开放政府采购市场，提高国内企业竞争力是我国经济发展的必然趋势。

Private economy is one of the most important problems in Chinese national economy with the deeping of Chinese economy marketerization, institutional restraint has become the chief obstacle to develop the private economy.

私营经济问题是我国国民经济发展中的一个重要问题。随着中国经济市场化进程的深入，制度约束已成为阻碍私营经济进一步发展的根本原因。

The economy that must study native national condition seriously for this is contradictory, the research that runs a process to economy and analysis should be brought into on the architecture that studies an object, announce deeplier thereby socialist economy rule.

为此必须认真研究本国国情的经济矛盾，在研究对象的体系结构上应纳入对经济运行过程的研究和分析，从而更深刻地揭示社会主义经济规律。

It suggests that thepace of proceeding reform should be discretionally adjusted according to social acceptance. The best way is to stick reform intentions to the optimal social acceptance. But the optimal social acceptance also varies with economic growth rate and macroeconomic environment. In searching for the optimal socialacceptance, gradual proceeding is better than radical one. It concludes that the higher growth rate and better macroeconomic environment is, the lower optimal social acceptance is acquired, and the stronger intension can we engage.

作者认为，改革推进的快慢应根据社会的可承受程度&相机抉择&，最好是将改革力度控制在最优的社会可承受程度上不变；改革的最优社会可承受程度也不是一成不变的，它因经济发展速度和其他宏观环境的不同而有所不同，在&寻找&改革的社会最优可承受程度的过程中，&渐进&的改革方式好于&激进&的方式；经济发展速度越快，宏观环境越好，改革所要求的最优社会可承受程度越低，改革的力度就可以越大，经济发展有助于改革的推进。

The first half of the chapter begins with the introduction of three common viewpoints over the two kinds of theories, followed by deep investigation and description of some biased nature in them, then comes up with the conclusion that we must draw a clear distinction between what was said by Marx himself and what has long been accepted as dogmatical statements. The later half of chapter introduces various understandings to the theory of three social orders evoked by the discussion of economic social formation, points out the drawbacks of and the author"s disproval to the idea that economic social formation only exists in a definite historical period. This chapter is to deepen the understanding of Marx" theory of three social orders through the discussion of the other two important theories related to it.

首先介绍了迄今为止在&三形态说&和&五形态说&的讨论中出现的三种基本观点，并分别对这些观点加以反思，通过反思指出了这几种观点中存在的一些偏颇之处，提出了在讨论三大社会形态理论和五种社会形态理论的相互关系时要对马克思本人的&五形态说&和传统的教条化的&五形态说&加以明确的区分；接着介绍了在讨论&经济的社会形态&这一范畴时所引发的对三大社会形态理论的不同理解，指出了把&经济的社会形态&理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型所产生的问题，反对把&经济的社会形态&理解为一种特定历史阶段的社会形态类型。

However, we don"t find neither the economies of scale nor the diseconomies of scale in the investment banking industry. What"s more, the scope of Chinese investment banks is too narrow and the income relies on the traditional deals too much, which makes the industry far from the economies of scope.The dissertation starts from restrict-pricing model of Spence and Bain-Sylos and analyzes the mechanism of the strategy of excessive production capacity. And based on the extended dynamic game theory of Dixit the dissertation establishes the dynamic game theory model of capital promise and entry deterrence. The dissertationillustrates the essence of scale strategy of Chinese investment banking industry: Firstly domestic investment banks should optimize the capital structure and the scale expansion by proper financing arrangement.

本文对我国投资银行业的产业绩效进行了实证检验：市场结构、行业规模以及市场总体收益率对行业的利润率具有很强的解释能力，从影响的相对水平来看，集中度的影响要大于市场收益的影响，同时，规模的影响与集中度、市场收益的影响相反；同时，基于规模经济的横截面分析表明，我国投资银行业的经济规模与其绩效之间还不存在明显的关系；而且，我国投资银行业总体上经营范围狭窄，业务内涵单一，在收入构成上过分依赖于传统的三大业务，也远远没有发挥出行业的范围经济优势。

East Asian Economic Cooperation is the choice of history and dooms to have a bright future. However, whether Japan will follow the trend of history and take effective actions to push forward its development still depends on whether Japans government is willing to take concrete and sincere attitude towards it.

东亚区域经济合作是历史的选择，其前景是光明的，但是日本的东亚区域经济合作战略能否顺应历史的潮流，切实有效地推动整个东亚区域经济一体化的发展，还取决于日本政府能否以务实、真诚的合作态度参与其中。

Economic development ; dualistic economic structure ; modern economic structure

经济发展；二元经济结构；现代经济结构

Information revolution is quickened ecbolic brand-new economic configuration -- the birth of network economy, produced huge impact to contemporary economy.

信息革命加速催生了一个全新经济形态——网络经济的诞生，对当代经济产生了巨大的冲击。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。