经济

Then it rearranges the contributing factors in order to research how an industry contributes to the economic growth of central city, and forms the four-level analysis of the contributing factors of economic growth.

第一章首先考察经济增长影响因素分析的历史，梳理不同学派有关经济增长影响因素的观点，以研究具体产业发展对中心城市经济增长的贡献为目的，重新解构经济增长的影响因素，形成&经济增长影响因素四层次分析法&，为探讨现代物流业对中心城市经济增长影响因素的具体贡献提供理论工具。

By analyzing draw that the main advantage conditions embody in resources, geographical location, industries and systems. The inferior conditions of its economic development are total economic output and structure, the level of urbanization and industrialization, technology, the quality of the laborers and other aspects. It analysised the opportunities of Huai'an economic development from policy environment, traffic environment, the important strategic position entrusted by a new round of regional development and the transfer of industries, and other aspects. It also pointed out that the surrounding areas of competition, marginalized by a new round of development,low economic outward degrees was threating Huai'an further socio-economic development.

通过SWOT法分析得出，淮安市经济发展所具备的优势条件主要体现在资源、区位、产业和制度等方面，而经济总量和结构、工业化和城市化水平以及科技水平、劳动者素质等方面是其经济发展的劣势条件；从政策环境、交通环境、新一轮区域开发赋予淮安重要的战略地位和产业转移等方面分析了淮安市经济发展所面临的机遇，而周边地区的竞争、被新一轮发展边缘化、经济外向度低等对其社会经济进一步发展构成了威胁。

Secondly,based on the sense of money equilibrium and AO-test technique,this paper recalculates the degree of excess money,and finds that there exits greater degree excess money during 1979 to 2007,but the degree has been dropped greatly since 1990s.

从&超额货币&的内涵来看，其不仅包括执行流通手段职能的货币量，而且还应该包括执行贮藏等各种职能的货币量；第二是采用供求均衡意义上的&超额货币&程度的算法，在变量中引入制度及虚拟经济发展的因素，在方法中采用AO检验法对长期因素做了阶段性划分，并在此基础上运用协整检验法对我国的&超额货币&程度进行了测算，结果发现在1979年-2007年间，我国的确存在着较大规模的超额货币，但是，在20世纪90年代之后，我国的超额货币程度出现了较大幅度的下降；第三是采用阶段分析法对我国超额货币的引致原因进行了实证分析，检验结果显示，货币化、虚拟经济的发展和边际消费倾向的变化都在不同程度上造成了我国超额货币程度发生变化，其中：货币化在1979-1990年间和1991-2007年间对&超额货币&程度的影响方向是相反的，虚拟经济的发展与&超额货币&程度的变动具有反向的影响，货币结构的变化对&超额货币&程度的变动具有正向影响，而居民消费对&超额货币&程度在1979-1990年间无显著影响，但是在1990-2007年间有正向的影响；第四是对&超额货币&程度的变化对我国经济金融的影响进行了理论和实证分析，结果显示：&超额货币&程度的变化对我国的经济增长、物价和汇率的变动都有着较为明显的影响，其中，对物价和汇率的影响是正向的，对经济增长的影响在长短期是不一致的。

These changes make it clear that the era of developing the county economy advents.

这就表明中国经济在向城市经济侧重近20年后，正进入向县域经济侧重的转换阶段，宏观经济部署开始走出&重城轻乡&的非均衡阶段，宏观经济政策呈现出向县域侧重的明确的方向性变化，中国县域经济大发展时代已经到来。

As to domestic sector, the author discuss the influences of different exchange rate regime on growth, inflation, economic stability and financial deepening, and agues that:(1) the relatively fixed exhange rate regimes are more pro-growth for emerging economies;(2) the relatively fixed exchange rate regimes can be useful for control of inflation in developing countries, but it can also be replaced by other monetary rules like inflaiton-targeting;(3) fixed exchange rate regime woulde better to deal with nominal shocks when floating exchange rate regime better to deal with real shocks, but both of them can not entirely insulate the external shocks;(4) the improvement of financial deepening is faster under relative fixed exchange rate regimes.

从国内经济部门看，不同汇率制度对经济增长、通货膨胀、经济稳定、金融深化等关键变量具有不同影响：（1）对于新兴市场国家来说，相对固定的汇率制度更有利于促进经济增长；（2）相对固定的汇率制度有利于抑制通货膨胀，但也可以由其他货币规则替代；（3）固定汇率更适合应对名义经济冲击，浮动汇率更适合应对实际经济冲击，二者都不能隔离外部冲击；（4）在相对固定的汇率制度下，金融深化发展更快。

But at present the forests that can be cut down are fewer, so that the forestry industries are very difficult, and the situation has been very hard for the economic activities for the people there and the sustainable development of the city. Under such background, this paper does research on the problem of the sustainable development in the forestry resource-based city, find the relationship between the cut of the forest and economic development, and the problems in the economic develop process and the reasons of the declining. Then I construct the dynamic model of the sustainable development in economic in Yichun, in order to find the reciprocities among the population, resource and economics to provide more scientific data to the deciders. From the model, we can get the sustainable mode in the forestry resource-based cities.

本文就是在这种背景下，研究林业资源型城市的经济可持续发展问题，探讨林业资源开发与经济可持续发展的耦合关系，以及林业资源型城市经济发展存在的问题及经济衰退原因，并通过建立伊春市发展的系统动力学模型，进而揭示出城市发展过程中，人口、资源、经济之间的相互作用关系，为决策者做出正确的决策提供更加科学准确的技术支持，试图找出林业资源型城市可持续发展的系统优化模式，同时，把系统动力学方法引入林业资源型城市经济可持续发展研究领域，为解决相关问题探索一种新的方法与思路。

By the research into the strategic scheme of developing circular economy in JiaDing, Shanghai, which is under the principles of starting with the definition of the circular economy, relying on the current characters of our country, and sticking tight to the current circumstances of the social and economic developments of JiaDing, the emphasis of this essay is laid on how the government pushes forward the circular economy with the institutional designing and projects exampling to make the space for the marketization operation.

本文通过对上海市嘉定区发展循环经济策略性方案的研究，主要从循环经济的概念入手，根据我国现阶段循环经济的发展特点，紧紧抓住嘉定区经济社会发展的实际情况，着重研究政府层面推动循环经济发展的制度设计和项目示范，为循环经济市场化运作创造空间。

Transfer period from Atlantic to Pacific leading by heavy and chemistry industry, the landscape of Maritime Industrial Development Areas is the sign of this period. Following the taking-off of Asia-Pacific region, special with Gaige Kaifang in China, show the coming period of Pacific, leading by multi-economies.(2) Coastal zone in China's lies in the core areas of the world economic periphery. The stage of economic growth just is taking-off, and different littoral zone with the different developing levels.

通过对世界经济重心在各主导海域临海地带时空演变规律的系统性的总结，研究中国临海地带在外向型经济引导下的产业结构转型以及空间结构演化机制和趋势，得出如下要点：(1)世界临海地带经济发展经历了以商贸为主导的地中海时期、以轻纺工业为主导的大西洋时期、以重化工集聚为特征的临海工业开发区景观标志着经济重心从大西洋向太平洋转移，而亚太地区经济腾飞，特别是中国的改革开放预示着以经济多元化为主导的太平洋时代的来临。

Against the background of multi-regional economic cooperation including the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Cooperation and the M-shaped China-ASEAN economic cooperation, the Xijiang River Basin should develop itself and take part in the multi-regional cooperation by relying on its own geographical advantages, rich natural resources, rich history and culture, age-old economic development and rich experiences in foreign cooperation, relying on the golden watercourse of the Xijiang River and its solid industrial foundation, reorganizing the resources and industries of the cities and counties, making appropriate planning of agriculture, industry, trade, and tourism, improving its own capacity and competitiveness, and enhancing cooperation and exchanges with the economically developed regions.

摘要在泛珠三角区域合作和中国－东盟&一轴两冀&区域经济合作多区域经济合作下，西江流域经济要凭借特殊的地缘优势、丰富的自然资源、厚重的历史文化、悠久的经济发展史和丰富的对外合作经验，依托广西西江黄金水道和厚重的产业底蕴，将各市县丰富的资源和产业优势进行整合，将农业、工业、贸易、旅游等产业合理规划，不断提高自身的发展能力和竞争能力，不断加强与区域外经济发达地区的合作与交流，才能融入多区域经济合作发展框架，才能不断地发展壮大。

Circular economy is the up-to-the-minute production of the research of the sustainable development.

本文首先提出了研究的背景及现实意义，循环经济在国内外的研究现状，并对循环经济的产生及发展进行了介绍，从我省煤炭工业经济发展及其对资源浪费和环境破坏的调研入手，在总结国内外循环经济理论与实践的基础上，结合我省煤炭企业特点构建我省煤炭企业循环经济发展模式，并对其进行了经济、社会效益评价。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。