经济

This substitution of terms might be passed over if Say, after having explained what he calls political economy (which, however,is nothing else but cosmopolitical or world-wide economy, or economy of the whole human race), had acquainted us with the principles of the doctrine which he calls '閏onomie publique,'which however is, properly speaking, nothing else but the economy of given nations, or true political economy .

所谓"公共经济"，老实说，它的内容应当没有别的，只是属于某些指定国家的经济，也就是真正的政治经济；如果萨依在向我们说明他所说的政治经济是什么(实际上没有别的，只是世界主义的、世界范围的或属于全人类的经济)以后，使我们知道当他谈到一些学说的原则时他唤作"公共经济"的是什么，那么这种在名词上的代用，原也可以存而不论。

In Japan, following the collapse of the bubbles, the government reduces the rate forwardly, then the economy fall into the state of low inflation rate and low interest rate. Being afraid of inflation, the Bank of Japan is reluctant to further relax the monetary policy leading to the economy reviving very crisp. Under the external impact, the economy fall into the deflation, and the rate policy loses its effectiveness.

日本则是在泡沫经济崩溃后，政府为了促进经济增长，主动降低利率，进而使经济进入了低通胀低利率状态，但由于日本央行害怕通货膨胀，不愿意进一步放松货币政策，导致日本经济的复苏非常脆弱，在外部经济的冲击下，经济进入了通货紧缩状态，利率政策失效。

The members of all the district economy organization make the inner-reginal trade,the movement of elements,the speed of economy increasing constantly because of the advantages of arens, resources andmutual supplements of economy structures, Meantime,the members, who is not in the exclusivism andtrade protectionism, So china must make strong economic relationship between the countries ane areas nearby in order to develop the economy stably and taking eonomic cooperation and join the system of inter-reginal economy cooperation.

随着世界经济呈现出区域化、集团化的趋势，区域经济圈在世界经济中所占的地位也在逐步提高，各区域经济组织成员由于地缘、资源优势、经济结构互补等原因，使得区域内部的贸易、要素流动、经济增长速度不断增加，同时，对于区域经济组织外的非成员则不可避免地造成排外主义及贸易保护主义。

The rapid expansion of fictitious assets leads to far more size of fictitious economy than real economy. Incoordination is shown between fictitious economy and real economy.

随着这种经济结构的转变，虚拟资产在经济发展过程中越来越居于主导地位，虚拟资产的迅速扩张导致虚拟经济规模远远超过实体经济，虚拟经济与实体经济呈现非协调发展。

The development of private economy is difficult and arduous, has experienced five stages :(1) In initial stage of state founded, the country implements the policy that utilizes, limits to private economy;(2)From the proposition of the general line of the transition period of 1953 to the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central committee of the CPC in 1978, generally speaking, although the understanding...

私营经济的发展艰难曲折，经历了五个阶段：(1)建国初期，国家对私营经济实行利用、限制的政策；(2)从1953年过渡时期的总路线的提出到1978年党的十一届三中全会，对私营经济的认识虽有反复，但总的来说是持改造、批判、否定态度；(3)从改革开放到党的十三大，私营经济处于默认发展的阶段；(4)从十三大到党的十五大，私营经济成为了公有制的有益的补充；(5)十五大以后，私营经济成为了社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。

In the last year the economy of our country keeps a rapid increasing speed and has good-sized potential.

我国经济发展近年来一直保持快速增长的势态，经济发展具有相当大的潜力，然而在我国经济发展的过程中，仍然存在着很多问题，特别是区域经济发展非均衡问题相当突出，严重影响了我国经济总体发展的速度和质量，同时经济发展的稳定性和持续性也较弱。

Education2002/09-2003/12 Maastricht University, NetherlandsMaster of Social Security1989/09-1993/07 Renmin University of ChinaBachelorProfessional certificationFRMThe China Securities Association, a practicing certificateCurrent treatment minimum wage: RMB 530,004 / year = 44,167 / month × year fixed-DecemberExperience2007/07- present Union Life Beijing Company Compliance Risk Management Department / General Manager of Corporate Risk Management Committee Member and the Investment Management Committee members of BeijingReporting Objects: Company CROWork: Economic Capital Management asset-liability management comprehensive risk management Compliance Management Investment Risk Management Investment Performance Evaluation Management Legal Services Corporate Risk Management Committee Member, and the investment management committee members, participation in pension and asset management companies to build.2003/11-2007/06 Taikang Life Beijing Company Risk Management / Manager BeijingReporting object: department headWork: measuring market risk economic capital and credit risk economic capital integration of the entire company's economic capital, including the insurance risk and operational risk economic capital, economic capital internal controls and operational risk management a variety of risk analysis and asset liability management study capital management and capital allocation Risk Management and Performance Evaluation liability company-wide asset-liability management in the enterprise annuity on training and preparation for data preparation, as well as the preparation of Tyco pension.

教育背景2002/09-2003/12 荷兰马斯特里赫特大学社会保障硕士1989/09-1993/07 中国人民大学经济学学士专业证照FRM 中国证券协会执业证书目前待遇基本工资：人民币 530，004/年＝ 44，167 /月×全年固定12月工作经历2007/07-至今合众人寿北京总公司风险合规管理部/总经理公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员北京汇报对象：公司CRO工作内容：经济资本管理资产负债管理全面风险管理合规管理投资风险管理投资绩效评估管理公司法律事务公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员，参与养老金公司和资产管理公司筹建。2003/11-2007/06 泰康人寿北京总公司风险管理部/经理北京汇报对象：部门负责人工作内容：计量市场风险经济资本和信用风险经济资本整合整个公司旳经济资本，包括保险风险经济资本和业务风险经济资本内部控制和操作风险的管理各种风险的分析以及资产负债管理研究资本管理和资本配置风险管理和绩效评估负债整个公司资产负债管理参与企业年金的关于培训和筹备资料准备以及泰康养老金筹建。

Hereinto, the study of Multi-Agent simulation of economies based on the complex adaptive system theory is an important research branch of the complexity of economy.

首先，由于现实经济中涉及的因素众多，相互关系复杂，给数学方法的运用带来了一定困难；其次，传统方法没有很好地解决经济系统的层次性结构问题，因此，无法对不同层次的特性差异给予一个整体性的解释，也就产生了宏观、微观相互脱节的理论体系上的缺陷；再次，传统经济理论对现实经济普遍存在的信息不完备与不确定性尚不能给予系统的解释；最后，传统经济中以观测数据为基础的经验主义的研究方法，无法深入了解经济的微观运行过程，从而降低了理论对现实的解释与预测能力。

In the process of economic transform,inadaptability between the financial system and the economic development in the country of Xinjiang,has suppressed the rural economy development to a certain degree,and causes the unbalanced characteristics between city and countryside to be further prominent.

进入经济转型发展时期，新疆农村经济、金融不相适应性的存在，一定程度上抑制了农村经济的发展，并使城乡经济的非均衡性问题进一步突出。以金融资源论为基础，从金融资源配置效率的角度出发，通过对新疆近20年农村经济金融支持实践的实证分析，揭示了新疆农村金融资源配置效率弱化，未能有效地推动农村经济的发展。

With the rapid development of economic integration and constant improvement of degree of openness in the most of countries, intercourse of the trade and financial field becomes more and more frequent. Under this kind of background, economic fluctuation is easy to take place because of external shocks through foreign trade, international capital flow and other channels. So, the research of economic cycle can not be taken only in closed environment. Focusing on the open e conomy, the discussion of influence on the economic cycle fluctuation from external shocks have rather important significance.

随着全球经济一体化的迅猛发展，各国经济开放程度不断提高，各国间贸易与金融领域的交往也日趋频繁，在这种背景下，通过对外贸易、国际资本流动等渠道本国的经济将会受到外来冲击的影响而发生波动，因此，对经济周期的研究不能仅停留在封闭条件下，着眼于开放经济的背景，探讨外来冲击对一国经济周期波动的影响具有相当重要的意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。