经济

Firstly, it described the definition, general reasons for formation, and the trend and conversional way of the dual economic structure by explaining the theory of dual economic structure, Secondly, it defined the distinctive features and main reasons for the formation of the dual economic structure through the demonstrational analysis of the dual economic structure.

其次，对我国二元经济结构的实证分析，阐述了我国二元经济结构形成的主要原因和突出特征，同时也分析了二元经济结构对我国经济社会发展的影响和转换二元经济结构需要解决的关键问题。

But, it has to be admitted that economic globalization is also a sharp double-edged sword. It does bring good benefit to global economy and does make it more energetic and stimulating its development. Meanwhile, it also brings the unbalance of economic development and enlarge the distance of the rich and poor, which results in series of destroyable economic events, such as the frequent occurrence of international financial crisis, the unequal trade terms and rules which deteriorates the trade of developing countries and the characteristics of profit-oriented, monopoly and robbery of international enterprises which brings overall destroy to most developing countries.

然而，必须承认，经济全球化是一把锋利的双刃剑，它在给世界经济带来一定活力、促进全球经济增长的同时，也带来经济上的不平等和贫富悬殊的不断加剧，导致了一系列破坏性的经济事件的发生，如国际金融危机的频繁发生，现存的不平等贸易制度和规则使发展中国家的贸易条件更加恶化，跨国公司的趋利性、垄断性和掠夺性给广大发展中国家带来全面的破坏性等等。

These nonlinear chaos dynamitic models forecast oil consumption quantity of China. In this dissertation, it has mainly studied the fractural dimension measure to petroleum economics system, the phase space reconstruction modeling and prediction techniquesto economic chaotic time series. It puts forward chaos dynamitic models, which are forecasting model for oil consumption. Corresponding countermeasures of the oil supply-security of China are suggested by analyzing the forecasting results and the problems existing in petroleum economic system of China, especially aiming at the balance between oil production and consumption quantity.

本论文主要研究了石油经济系统复杂性的分数维度量、经济混沌时间序列的相空间重构技术、建模和预测技术；建立了石油经济系统的混沌动力学模型：石油消费的预测模型；并将此模型应用于全国的石油经济系统研究之中，对全国石油消费量做出预测，根据预测结果分析我国石油经济系统中存在的问题，并提出对策。

These nonlinear chaos dynamitic models forecast oil consumption quantity of China. In this dissertation, it has mainly studied the fractural dimension measure to petroleum economics system, the phase space reconstruction modeling and prediction techniques to economic chaotic time series. It puts forward chaos dynamitic models, which are forecasting model for oil consumption. Corresponding countermeasures of the oil supply-security of China are suggested by analyzing the forecasting results and the problems existing in petroleum economic system of China, especially aiming at the balance between oil production and consumption quantity.

本论文主要研究了石油经济系统复杂性的分数维度量、经济混沌时间序列的相空间重构技术、建模和预测技术；建立了石油经济系统的混沌动力学模型：石油消费的预测模型；并将此模型应用于全国的石油经济系统研究之中，对全国石油消费量做出预测，根据预测结果分析我国石油经济系统中存在的问题，并提出对策。

As one new rising mode of the economy development that according to the natural ecosystem material circulation method, circular economy requests the enterprise follow the ecological regulation, reasonable use the natural resources and the environment capacity, develop the economy on the foundation that the material continuously and circularly using, make the economic system brought into in the material circulatory process of the natural ecosystem harmoniously and carry out the economic activity ecotypically.

循环经济作为近些年兴起的按照自然生态物质循环方式进行的经济发展模式，要求企业遵循生态学规律，合理利用自然资源和环境容量，在物质不断循环利用的基础上发展经济，使经济系统和谐地纳入到自然生态系统的物质循环过程中，实现经济活动的生态化。

The formation of this characteristics were close related with the primeval economic modality and feodal economic modality. These two economic modality were foundation for formation of Japanese family system.

这一特征的形成，与日本原始经济形态即稻作经济和封建经济形态即庄园经济有着不可分割的关系，这两种经济形态是家制度形成的经济基础。

Finally, according to the theory and the practice of regional economies development in China, the author focally analyzes the problem that plate of regional economy has a bad effect on the regional economies development and finds that plate breakthrough gives a helpful enlightenment to understanding of the integration and developmental strategic choices of regional economies.

最后结合中国区域经济发展的理论与实践，重点研究区域经济板块对区域经济发展的不利影响以及&板块突破&对区域经济一体化和区域经济发展战略选择的有益启示。

The key of this dissertation comes followingly, that is the research on the conceect evidence of UE. Because UE is so inclusive in our country only eleven main UE activities are illustrated, and they are manufacturing and selling of fake commodities, smuggling, operators private economy, corruption, civil loan and underground economy in finance. In addition, the occurring and present situation of UE are analyzed rather specifically with plenty, rich and concert examples.

由于地下经济包括的范围太广泛了，因此，对我国的十一种主要的地下经济活动进行了分析，包括：假冒伪劣商品的制售、走私、黑社会、无照经营者、假发票、虚假会计信息、国有资产流失、个体私营经济、腐败、民间借贷及金融业中的地下经济，对这些地下经济的产生、现状以及危害进行了比较具体的分析，并用了大量、充分而又详实的事例进行了论证。

Therefore ,methods of gange analysis ,facts analysis and comparison analysis are used in the article to study the issue of country economy development of Hei Long Jiang Three parts devided Part one : Illustration on the basic theory of country economy ,which includes the defination,characteristics of county economy and the significance of studying county economy Part two : Mainly form the aspects of types ,characteristics ,strength, model, problems and causes etc, the development of country economy of Hei Long Jiang province is analysed an facts.

基于此，笔者将运用规范分析，实证分析与比较分析等方法对黑龙江省县域经济发展问题予以研究。全文共分三部分：第一部分对县域经济的基本理论问题进行阐述，包括主要县域经济的定义、特征、研究县域经济的意义等。第二部分主要从类型、特征、实力、典型、问题和原因等方面对黑龙江省县域经济发展状况进行实证分析。

The overseas trade was the most energetic economic growing part in the coastal regions, stimulated and promoted the developing course of the other interrelated economic parts. For instance, the commercialized agriculture was increasingly related to the overseas market; some of handicraft industries were growingly orientated by exportation. A good deal of inflow of silver aroused the great reforms in the currency economy and the tax institution. Trade increased wealth; the increasing wealth drove the traders for more benefits, created a sumptuous atmosphere, and changed the behavior manners and merit criteria as well. In a word, the coastal regions presented unprecedented energy and prosperity.Ⅴ.

明中后期国内社会经济为海外贸易的发展提供雄厚的物质支持，贸易同样给广东、福建等地带来重大的物质利益和财富来源，为沿海平民提供了就业机会和谋生途径；对外贸易是沿海地区最有活力的经济增长点，刺激并带动相关经济部门的发展进程；例如珠江三角洲等地农业商品化生产与海外市场联系日趋密切；部分手工业生产部门出现出口导向倾向，白银的大量输入引发了货币经济和赋役制度的重大变革，通商贸易增加了财富，而财富的增加又滋长了商贩逐利、竞尚奢华之风，部分改变了人们的行为方式与价值取向，沿海地区经济呈现出前所未有的活力与繁荣。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。