经济

If we make a comprehensive survey of the changing history of minority economic type, we would find an all-over tendency: single economic type turned into mixed economy, mixed economic type turned into farming economy.

综观少数民族经济类型发展变化的历史，总的趋势是：单一经济类型向混合经济类型变化，混合经济类型向农耕经济类型转变。

The endogenous nature of morality: in the development of economic society, the exogenous morality does play certain roles, but the main stream is still the endogenousness, and many moral standards and moral ideas are comprehended and formed in the process of economic development.

道德的经济逻辑，是指有利于社会或群体的生存和发展的行为规范，不管是自然的筛选，还是人类的理性选择它的形成，决定和发展的方式是符合经济规律，或者能为经济理论所解释，这就是道德与经济一致性的逻辑。道德的经济行为，既有短期性也有长期性。

The building-up achievement effect audits , beneficial result audits the economic commitments leading a cadre if having suggested that the party and government is main in villages and towns in system, property register to put on record, economic commitments audits a data base , villages and towns sets up the system norm that audit neodoxy such as station , countryside property county tube , further perfect economic commitments audits , content , procedure and method appraise system as well as economic commitments is auditing; And face to face wade across the agriculture fund waits for a special fund , villages and towns handles in connection with the station to audit content having been in progress discussing investigation and discussion comparatively detailedly, to reach lifting auditing mass , improvement auditing operation directive rules, the party and government who pushes forward and perfects villages and towns leads economic commitments auditing system mainly , reinforce to villages and towns leading cadre authority restraint and supervise, promote Party' style of work and the building of a clean government from guarding against and combating corruption on the headstream.

如提出了在乡镇党政主要领导干部经济责任制度中建立绩效审计、效益审计、财产登记备案、经济责任审计数据库、乡镇设审计站、乡财县管等新观点，进一步完善了经济责任审计的制度规范、内容、程序和方法以及经济责任审计的评价体系；并对涉农资金等专项资金、乡镇有关站办的审计内容进行了较为详细的论述探讨，以达到提升审计质量，改进审计操作规程，推进和完善乡镇党政主要领导经济责任审计制度，加强对乡镇领导干部权力的制约和监督，从源头上防止和惩治腐败，促进党风廉政建设。

WuLaTe Hou Banner, which is located in the norther frontier of our country, is the one in which the economy is mainly made up of animal husbandry since liberation, the Politics, economy and cult ure in the Banner have had some development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China The developments of economy, scientific technologies and society in the Banner were more significant since the 3th Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee Particularly According to the demand of the general duties ...

乌拉特后旗是祖国北部边疆的一个牧业旗。解放以来在中国共产党的领导下，政治、经济文化都有了一定发展。特别是十一届三中全会以来经济、科技、社会发展的成就更为显著。然而，按照党在新的历史时期提出的总任务和总目标的要求，根据十三大赵紫阳同志的报告中关于经济发展战略的要求，乌拉特后旗还必须动员全旗各条战线、各族人民努力奋斗，加快加深改革，完成本世纪末的奋斗目标。为了这一目标，该旗在战略指导思想上对旗情的分析研究上、具体的工作讨划上都有周密的安排，决心使该旗的经济、科技和社会有较大发展，为二十一世纪经济腾飞奠定牢固的基础。

In recent years, the town party committees and governments based on local advantages, established a "relying on the county seat, the development of the city effect the economy, the country to suit the implementation of regional development,wai yin nei lian to revitalize the private economy, outbreeding near the offensive, the construction of economic town" development ideas vigorously promote the industrialization of agriculture and rural construction in the pace of urbanization has been the formation of the two main pillars of coal and building materials industry, agriculture farming, forestry, aquaculture, processing industry, as well as the coordinated development of the tertiary industry's economic structure. The town, the rural economy in 2003 total revenue was 156 million yuan.

近年来，镇党委、政府立足当地优势，确立了"依托县城、发展城效经济，国地制宜、实施区域开发，外引内联、振兴民营经济，远交近攻、建设经济强镇"的发展思路，大力推进农业产业化和农村城市化建设的步伐，现已形成以煤炭和建材两大支柱产业、农业种植业、林业、养殖业、加工业以及第三产业协调发展的经济格局。2003年全镇农村经济总收入达15600万元。

Under the situation of the globalization of economy, the westerndeveloped capitalism not only use the way of economy, depend on theireconomy power to seek for the hegemony of politics. They bring up lots of theadditional political term when they make business with the developing country.They put forward that "the national sovereignty is out of the date","humanrights are higher than sovereignty "and other paralogism. For seekinghegemony look for the theories basis, this clear up country's sovereigntyroughly. In fact, they are interfering the domestic affairs of other countries.With the development of information technique, the western countries using themodern mass media go on "peaceful evolution" toward socialism country.

在经济全球化的形势下，西方发达资本主义国家不仅在经济上利用经济强权谋求政治霸权，借与发展中国家开展经济贸易关系之机，提出许多附加政治条件，对发展中国家的主权构成制约；他们借口经济全球化对主权的消解，提出"国家主权过时论"、"人权高于主权论"等谬论，为谋求霸权寻找理论依据，打着"保护人权"的旗号，干涉别国内政；随着信息技术的发展，西方资本主义国家开始利用现代化的传媒手段继续对社会主义国家进行和平演变。

The great tour purchasing power is the drive power of promoting the region's tourism developmentln the regional space, scale economic and regional separation are one of the basic characteristics of promoting tourism industry, So we must arrange the regional tourism industry with a systematic method and give prominence to the central city. For its outstanding area in the regional space, central city has evident superiority in the regional ecnomic development, and has echelon between central city and its periphery scennic spots, which is the inducement mechanism of tourism industry's arranging, developing and advancing step by step. For the law of diminishing marginal utility and the theory of equilibrium, the max utility equilibrium of tourism consumption be at the point of tangency of undiscrepancy curve and the cost budget curve.

中心城市居民巨大的出游力是拉动其周边旅游地发展重要的内在驱动力；由于地缘关系，区域规模经济与地域分割并存，是旅游产业运动的一个基本特征，为此必须对区域旅游经济进行系统化布局，突出中心城市的产业中心性；因其区位条件独特，中心城市在区域经济发展中居于明显的优势，与周边城乡部位存在经济发展上的梯次性，这种梯次性是区域旅游生产力布局、产业发展梯次传动，最终整体联动的经济诱导机制；根据边际效用递减规律和旅游者最大效用均衡理论，旅游消费效用最大化的均衡在无差异曲线与开支预算线的切点(即旅游目的地选择的最佳位置)上，且随着边际效用递减，目的地选择的最佳位置向远离中心城市方向移动，这就是中心城市与周边旅游地互动关系的经济学解释。

Therefore, in this article, Shandong is picked up for the research unit and its regional predomination is analyzed; space-time alterable characteristic between economic growth and resources, environment is studied and discussed; degree of harmony on economy-environment and classification of intimidation on economy-environment is initially discussed; the countermeasures is put forward.

因此，本文选取山东省作为地域研究单元，从分析山东省在全国的区域优势地位入手，研究和探讨了山东省经济增长与资源、环境的时空变动特点和规律，并在此基础上对经济环境协调度和经济环境胁迫区划分进行了初步探讨，并提出解决经济增长与资源、环境矛盾的途径，以便更好的为山东经济建设和生态环境建设服务。

The first, economic environment before economic upswing is different; the second, initial impetus of economic pullulation is different; thethird, conduction mechanism of economic pullulation is different; the fourth, the action of bank on economic grow this different; the fifth, pushing mechanism of fixed assets investment in creasing is also different.

一是经济高涨前的经济环境不同；二是经济成长的初始推动力不同；三是经济成长的传导机制不同；四是银行在经济增长中所起的作用不同；五是固定资产投资增长的推动机制不同。

The CCFG is a kind of economical activity with positive externality, its final products offered -the ecological benefits belong to the pure public goods, the nature of the economical compensation is to internalize the externality of the CCFG, so an economical compensation mechanism should be established with the government playing a leading role. The compensation receivers should be not only peasant households but also the county-level authority that performs the project. Besides central government, the compensation payers should still include the provincial-level governments who implement the project, the provincial-level governments of those beneficiary areas of midstream and downstream of basin, international organizations, enterprises and individuals, etc. Multiple channels of raising funds for the program should be worked out and the practice method should be transformed. Thediversified compensation ways should be chosen. In reality, insufficient compensation is the normality, the cost compensation may have more maneuverability. The decision-maker should carry on proper adjustment to the compensation standard, taking into account the factors about the environment conditions, the social-economic conditions, the ecological function of vegetation, etc. and make out different compensation criterions for different areas and different levels. The author puts forward it should be kept the policy of financial subsidies to the farmers who reforest ecological forest for a long term, should prolong the compensation time frameworks to the farmers who reforest economical forest.

本文认为，退耕还林还草是一项具有正外部性的经济活动，其提供的最终产品—生态效益属典型公共产品，经济补偿的实质就是要实现这种外部性的内部化，故应构建以政府为主导的经济补偿机制；补偿对象除了退耕农户以外，还应包括实施退耕还林还草的县级政府；补偿主体除中央政府外，还需将退耕地区省级政府、流域中下游受益地区的省级政府、国际社会、企业和个人等纳入其中；多渠道筹措退耕还林还草补偿投入资金，切实转变经济补偿的运作方式；选择相互协调、相互补充的多样化补偿方式；现实中，不充分补偿是常态，实行成本补偿更具可操作性；应对补偿标准进行适当调整，在综合考虑退耕地区自然环境条件、社会经济状况以及林草植被的生态功能等多种因素的基础上，制定分区分级补偿标准：对还生态林应采取长期补偿政策，对还经济林也要适当延长补偿年限。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。