经济

Based on thoroughly research, the author draws some following conclusions:(1) the origin of new bilateralism in Asia-Pacific is that each country altered its trade policy to maximize its gains from trade when they faced common external shocks, which is not only to satisfy the restrains of internationally political and economic environments but also to help each government to balance internal political economy when they implement trade liberalization;(2) it has been a common trade policy for each country in Asia-Pacific to set up bilateral trade agreements as soon as possible and as much as possible to obtain hub position in the network of bilateralism;(3) with the inevitable spread of bilateralism, China, as a developing large trade economy, should take first start to guide a favorable process of regional economic integration depending on its booming economy, large domestic market, cheap labor price and abundant natural resources in aim to get much more benefits and advantages.

经过笔者研究，《亚太新双边主义的政治经济学分析》一文得到如下结论：其一，亚太新双边主义的兴起是20世纪末亚太地区各经济体在面临外部冲击的情况下，权衡内部政治经济，选择在当前国际政治经济环境的约束下能够最大化自身利益的贸易政策的必然结果；其二，尽可能快尽可能多地签订双边自由贸易协定，谋求新双边主义中的"轮轴国"地位已经成为各经济体今后较长时间内对外贸易政策的共识；其三，区域经济一体化中的新双边主义趋势已经不可避免，中国作为发展中的贸易大国，应该凭借不断增长的经济、广阔的国内市场、廉价的国内劳动力和丰富的国内资源，发挥先发优势，谋求以我为主的区域经济一体化进程，争取有利的战略地位和更多的利益。

This text accords with the country and sustainable development strategy of Tianjin, regard building the economy society of circulation as the long-range objective, has combined the economy of Tianjin and current situation of the development of the society. It considers the water resource shortage in Tianjin and characteristic of the resource inputting type city abundantly. It adopts the scientific and technological demand for the development circular economy in Tianjin of many kinds of methods to predict through the survey of typical enterprise and area. In addition, the great scientific and technological question that it has put forward Tianjin and developed circular economy, and the method to analyze with the level is arranged in an order. It has also proposed Tianjin develops the circular economy guarantee measure.

本文根据国家和天津市可持续发展战略，结合天津市经济和社会的发展现状，以建设循环经济型社会为长远目标，充分考虑天津水资源短缺和资源输入型城市的特点，通过对典型企业和区域的调查，在深入分析天津市发展循环经济的科技现状和差距的基础上，整合多种方法对天津市发展循环经济的科技需求进行预测，提出天津市发展循环经济的重大科技问题，并用层次分析的方法对其排序，进而提出天津市发展循环经济的保障措施。

The key of circulation economy lawmaking lies in perfect and development the system arrangement of circulation economy, mainly should include programming system of circulation economy, the evaluation index sign system and investigate the system of circulation economy, standard, marking, symbolize and the attestation system of circulation economy, regard manufacturer as principle of the responsibility extension system, the point enterprise resources economy and make use of circularly certainly the sum management system, the norm system and guide system of the industry policy, the incentive system and responsibility system of government, enterprise and the publics.

循环经济立法的关键在于完善发展循环经济的制度安排，主要应该包括循环经济规划制度，循环经济评价指标体系和考核制度，循环经济的标准、标识、标志和认证制度，以生产者为主的责任延伸制度，重点企业资源节约和循环利用的定额管理制度，产业政策的规范和引导制度，政策激励制度以及政府、企业和公众的责任制度等。

On one hand, globalization courses the change of space economic structure and the restructure of world urban systems. The space economic structure changes from industry chain to a value chain structure. On the other hand, more and more progress of regions and countries has been brought into the global economic network. The rivalry between these countries often present between regions and cities. The global competitive advantage of cosmopolis and the surrounding town compact districts is a critical component of the countrys integrate competitive advantage.

一方面，全球化导致空间经济结构的转型和世界城市体系的重组，以"产业链"为特征的空间经济结构正在转变成为以"价值链"为特征的空间经济结构；另一方面，各国的城市和区域的发展越来越纳入全球经济网络，经济全球化背景下的国家竞争已经更多地表现为城市和区域之间的竞争，以国际大都市为核心的城镇密集区域的国际竞争力是国家综合竞争力的重要组成部分。

Guangdong is a province strong in overall economic development yet weak in local county economy, while lagging behind in overall level of human capital is a key element to curb the economic development in the county area of Guangdong Province; therefore, it is a key issue to be discussed in the paper how to enhance the competitiveness of the human capital in the county area of Guangdong Province to promote the development of economy in the county area.

本研究力图从经济学和管理学等的角度阐述县域人力资本的特征及其对县域经济发展的影响，为此本文选取了广东省县域人力资本作为研究对象。广东省是一个城镇经济强省和县域经济弱省，而人力资本总体水平的落后是制约广东省县域经济发展的关键因素，因此，如何提升广东省县域人力资本竞争力进而促进广东省县域经济的发展是本文要探索的主要问题。

First, it analyzes the change of economic growth of Beijing on the historic point, finds out that now the mode of economic growth of Beijing is as a way of denseness with technique and capital, then puts forward the sticking point of this mode of Beijing.

本章首先从历史的角度分析了北京经济增长方式变化，得出了目前所处的经济增长方式是以资本和技术密集型的增长方式，并且提出这一模式的问题所在；然后分析了北京经济增长和产业变迁的关系；最后本章分析了北京经济增长和产业结构变化与资源环境关系，提出了北京经济增长方式转变的方向。

This text is based on the work that analyse the problem having emerged about large-scale economic affordable residential district of city at the moment, in instance of the patterns in Xi'an. Through investigating living circumstances and building present situation, there are lots of requirement for economic affordable housing in Xi'an. As large requirement for premise, the question about choosing location large-scale economic affordable residential district in city is researched. As time as, it should be refer to the problem which were founded in others cities, then summarize a correct choosing location model for the practical situation, it could determent the location of large-scale economic affordable residential district of Xi'an.

本文以分析现阶段城市大型经济适用居住区产生的问题为依据，立足西安地区，通过调查该地区居民的居住现状以及房地产开发状况，指出经济适用住房在西安地区具有广泛的需求市场，在这种巨大需求量存在的前提下，探讨大型经济适用居住区选址问题，结合现有其它城市大型经济适用居住区中发现的问题与不足，提出一套适合实际情况的选址模式，并且根据该模式分析了西安大型经济适用居住区选址的区位。

The main content of the study includes: the policy variables are classified into two types, which are continuous policy variable and discrete policy variable, and the two variable is analyzed respectively; as to the continuous policy variable, use reasonable weighting to synthesize comprehensive policy indicator to reflect the comprehensiveness of each main policy indicator; undertake regression analysis for the comprehensive policy indicator, economic and stock market variable and get the effect of all kinds of comprehensive policy indictor variables on the economy and stock market; undertake regression analysis for data on the economic indicator and the data on the stock market and get the relationship between the economy and the stock market; use event research method to analyze its effect on the stock market and get some corresponding conclusions; structure the differential or difference equation groups on the interactive relationship among the variable economy, stock market and policy and do the difference operation and constitute simultaneous equation with the original main variables one after another; use quantitative regression method and solve the coefficient of the simultaneous equation to predict the operating tendency.

本研究主要内容包括：将政策变量划分为连续性政策变量和离散政策变量两个类型，并分别进行分析；对于连续性政策变量，采取合理的权重来合成政策综合指标，反映各主要政策指标的综合力度大小；将各政策综合指标与经济、股市变量进行回归分析，获得各类政策综合指标变量对经济、股市影响程度的大小；将经济指标数据与股市数据进行回归分析，获得经济与股市之间关系的大小；采取事件研究方法来分析其对股市的影响程度；构建关于经济、股市与政策各主要变量之间互动关系的微分或差分方程组，进行差分运算，并以此与原来各主要变量组成联立方程；运用计量回归方法，求出联立方程系数用于预测。

In experience analysis, giving actual rural-urban inequality as the jumping-off place, points out that our country have clear dual-economic and social struction characteristic, and analyze the reasons for which dual-economic and social struction is formed and retained; rural modernization is key to our countrys modernization for the following aspects,on the one hand, the problem of the farmer and rural and agriculture have strategic position and role, on the other hand, rural is the focus of a series of realistic problems; I closely grasp three mainlines of rural modernization, namely agriculture modernization and rural industrialization and rural-to-urban population migrants , we could make them united organically and make a research for them relatedly and discriminatingly, then some policy recommendations are offered.

在实证分析方面，以我国农村经济为研究对象，从现实的城乡差别入手，指出我国具有鲜明的二元经济社会特征，分析二元经济社会得以形成并维持的原因；从"三农"问题的地位与作用以及农村是一系列现实问题的焦点两个方面，论述农村经济现代化是中国现代化的关键；紧紧抓住农村经济现代化的三条主线，即农业现代化、农村工业化和农村人口城镇化，把三者内在、有机地结合起来，既有联系又有区别地进行研究，提出有针对性的对策建议。

The third part is systematic analysis,including target contrasts,present situation of economic developing the reasons that restrict the development at Gushan,a brief demonstration to the envisagement of economic developing strategy and the coun...

包括指标对比分析、经济发展现状分析、制约经济发展原因分析、经济发展优势、孤山镇总体经济发展战略思路、经济发展战略设想的简略论证、实现战略的对策。第四部分：产业发展战略。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。