经产妇

The purpose of the retrospective study is to investigate women's sexual life one year after childbirth. One hundred nineteen multipara women, required to answer a self-report questionnaire, were used as the sample population.

本研究为一回溯性研究，旨在探讨一般正常产妇产后一年之性生活概况，以119位住院经产妇为样本，运用自塡式问卷，使产妇回溯其前一次生产产后性生活经验。

During the active phase of labor, the average rate of cervical dilatation is 1.5 cm/hour in the multipara and 1.2 cm/hour in the nullipara.

活跃期宫颈的平均扩张速度经产妇为1.5cm/h，初产妇为1.2cm/h。。

The results show that the operational meaning of time for multipara during the early postpartum at home can be categorized as follows: Mothers spend 36.1% of their time on themselves, 49.7% on the new-born babies, 9.7% on older children, and 4.8% on other family members.

本研究旨在探讨经产妇於产后初期因新生儿进入家庭，致使经产妇之家庭结构发生急遽变化，於此角色执行及调整的过程中，运用时间所产生之蕴意。

On the one hand, the quantitative meaning implies that time is an important resource of life that the multipara evaluate their new life patterns according to the sufficency and efficency of the amount or tempo of usage of time through their subjective experiences. Most multipara complain about the pressure of time.

经产妇对时间之运作蕴意包含两大范畴；即量性意义及质性意义，量性意义占27%是指经产妇将时间视为生活中之重要资源，再由主观知觉经验评估时间可量度有不足或充裕、或应用速度的快、慢，其中91.7%的经产妇表示时间不足运用。

C. Risk factors for macrosomia include maternal birth weight, prior macrosomia, preexisting diabetes, obesity, multiparity, advanced maternal age, and a prior shoulder dystocia.

C。 巨大儿的危险因素包括母亲出生时体重，巨大儿产史，糖尿病，肥胖，经产妇，高龄产妇和肩难产产史。

C. Risk factors for macrosomia include maternal birth weight, priormacrosomia, preexisting diabetes, obesity, multiparity, advancedmaternal age, and a prior shoulder dystocia.

C。巨大儿的危险因素包括母亲出生时体重，巨大儿产史，糖尿病，肥胖，经产妇，高龄产妇和肩难产产史。

An interview guide entitled,"Maternal Perception of the Onset of Lactation" was also used to obtain milk secretion data. The analytical results revealed a mean onset of lactation of 75.7±16.8 hours (range=40 to 117). The prevalence of delayed lactation onset was 50.5%(n=58); 64.3%(n=42) were primiparous, and 41.9%(n=74) were multiparous. Parity, hours of withholding oral intake post-operation, and use of formula were significant predictors of perceived lactation onset. These factors explained 22.5% of perceived lactation onset in postpartum women who planned cesarean section.

研究结果发现：(1)泌乳起始时间的平均值为757±168小时（范围40至117小时）；(2)产妇自觉延迟泌乳的发生机率为500%(n=58)，其中延迟泌乳的初产妇有27位，占所有初产妇(n=42)的64.3%，延迟泌乳的经产妇有31位，占所有经产妇(n=74)的41.9%，经产妇发生延迟泌乳的机率较低；(3)产次、术后禁食时间以及配方乳使用，是泌乳起始时间的重要预测因子，共可解释计画剖腹产妇泌乳起始时间总变异数的22.5%。

An interview guide, entitled "Maternal Perception of the Onset of Lactation", was also used to obtain milk secretion data. Results found a mean onset of lactation of 78.2±18.7 hours (range=42 to 121 hours). The prevalence of delayed lactation onset was 43.6%(n=58). Slighly over half of participants (56.9%, n=33) were primiparous. Parity, total second stage of labor duration, duration of second labor stage beyond one hour, and perinea wound pain were the most significant predictors of delayed lactation onset.

研究结果发现：(1)首次泌乳时间的平均值为78.2±18.7小时（范围42至121小时）；(2)产妇自觉延迟泌乳的发生机率为43.6%(n=58)，其中初产妇占56.9%(n=33)，经产妇占43.1%(n=25)；(3)产次、第二产程时间、第二产程时间大於一小时、第一到第三天会阴伤口疼痛分数，是延迟首次泌乳时间的重要预测因子。

Results: The cs rate is 29.90%, and the first cause of it is due to fetal distress (13.50%); the second is macrosomia (6.11%). Among those multiparas who delivered the second babies in years later the incidence of relative cephalopelvic disproportion is much higher.

结果：经产妇的剖宫产率为29.90%，其手术指征中首位是胎儿宫内窘迫，占13.50%；其次是巨大儿，占6.11%；相隔10年以上再次分娩的经产妇更易发生相对性头盆不称。

Fetal distress is much common in the multiparas, so we must operate in due time; the following is macrosomia, the management must be taken individually; the cs rate is much higher in those who delivered the second babies 10 years later, of which the incidence of relative cephalopelvic disproportion is significant difference.

胎儿宫内窘迫是经产妇剖宫产术的首要原因，及时手术是避免围产儿预后不良的重要措施；因巨大儿手术者居其次，对分娩方式应个体化考虑；相隔10年以仁再次分娩的经产妇剖宫产率较高，更易因相对性头盆不称而不得不手术终止妊娠。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失