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The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

In the research, one kind of guzmania species named ostara was employed to be as material, and the full-length cDNA plasmid library of floral organ was constructed successfully by using SMART technology. The library had 3×10^6 original titer and more than 1 kb insert fragments. After 5'EST sequencing from 2004 positive clone chosen at random and clustering analyse, 1 758 high-quality sequences and 1 365 unigenes including 175 contigs and 1 195 singlets were obtained. These unigenes had 1 283 valid ORFs. COG analysis showed that those proteins coded by EST sequences were divided into 22 classes. Through blast analysis, full length or part cDNA of some genes controlling flower color, development of floral organs, florescence regulation and other breeding value genes were obtained.

本研究以擎天凤梨属品种Ostara为材料，采用SMART技术成功构建了擎天凤梨花器官的质粒型全长cDNA文库，初始文库滴度为3×10^6，插入片段平均长度大于1kb；随机挑取2004个阳性克隆进行5'EST测序，获得高质量序列1758条，经拼接获得1365条单基因簇，其中跨叠群175个和单条序列1195个；经ORF寻找共获得有效ORF1283条；经COG分析EST序列编码的蛋白质被分为22类；经Blast分析后，获得一批花色、花器官发育、花期调控以及其它育种价值基因（包括cDNA全长或片段）。

The cinnamaldehyde level in the blood wasn't detected, so the concentration of hippuric acid was substituted by GC method in the urine. In addition, the skin irritation was measured by colorimeter, and the result was exhibited that the formulations of cinnamon oil microemulsion didn't cause the obvious skin irritation.

慊/cm2/hr。体内经皮实验结果显示，经由动物皮肤给予时，体内及皮内可测得之桂皮醛浓度并不多，推测处方中部份桂皮油可能会经体内快速代谢并经肾脏排除，此外在该微乳剂处方对皮肤之刺激性评估，由色差仪所测定之结果显示，经制备所得之桂皮油微乳剂处方对皮肤不具有明显刺激性。

Materials Methods: Beast ultrasound was performedduring luteal phase and late follicular phase in 50 women, aged 25～45, with normalmenstrual cycle and no distinct breast disease; Serum estradiol and progesteronelevel were measured by enzyme immunoassay on the day of ultrasound performed. Onehundred of twenty nine menopause transition women and 318 menopause women wereselected. All of them had ultrasound of breast and serum estradiol report. Breast pain wererecorded. Sixty menopausal women aged 56.8 yr. and menopausal aged 8.2 yr. participated1-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and 2mg 17β-estradiol continuouscombined with 1mg norethindrone acetate clinical study. Mastalgia was diaried. Breaststructure changes tested by high-resolution ultrasound at the 0 and 12 M.

资料和方法：征集身体健康，没有明显乳腺疾病的正常月经妇女53名，分别在月经的晚卵泡期和黄体期进行超声检查和测血清雌二醇和孕酮水平；收集有HRT前乳腺超声检查和血清雌二醇水平结果的绝经过渡期妇女129名和绝经后妇女318名，记录既往乳腺胀疼、过渡期乳腺胀疼、绝经后乳腺胀疼和既往乳腺病史。17 β-雌二醇2mg加醋酸炔诺酮1mg连续联合治疗和安慰剂随机双盲平行对照临床研究1年的60名参加者，分别在用药前后各进行一次乳腺超声检查，乳腺症状按同一表格由病人日记及经培训的一名医生定期随诊记录乳腺胀疼出现、消失的日期及持续的天数；超声检查用同一方法测量乳腺腺体层厚度、导管宽度、乳腺腺体结构及血流。

The medicative mechanism of Jingqianping granule on PMS maybe that, it can improve the periodic turbulence of sex hormone and the function of corepus luteum. It can reduce PRL in blood-serum as well as the neurotransmitter.

结论平肝理气法的代表药经前平对经前期综合征肝气逆证有较好疗效，经前平能有效缓解经前烦躁易怒，乳房胀痛，小腹胀痛、头痛和失眠多梦等症状，与安慰剂相比较，有显著差异。

His research method affected many contemporary and following Chinese scholars who studied the doctrine of Moism. After him, the research of the doctrine of Moism (including the research of logic of Moism) followed the way that Liang Qichao had established.

对墨家逻辑学的研究：梁启超提出校注《墨经》文本的&牒经标题&体例，而且开创了三种逻辑比较研究的新方法，运用西方逻辑和印度因明的逻辑原理对《墨经》中的有关条文进行参照解释，较为充分地揭示出《墨经》中许多基本概念和命题的逻辑意义。

Methods BMD of nondominant forearm, lumbar vertebrae (L2-4) and hip were measured by dual energy Xray absorptiometry in 45 female patients with RA (26 premenopausal, 19 postmenopausal) and in 45 healthy female subjects (24 premenopausal, 21 postmenopausal).

采用双能X线骨密度仪，测量45例女性RA患者（绝经前26例和绝经后19例）和45例正常女性（绝经前24例和绝经后21例）的前臂、腰椎2～4以及股骨颈、Ward区和大转子的BMD，并同时测定RA患者各临床及实验室指标。

In the preformulation study, the ultraviolet spectrum and HPLC methods for the assay of α-asarone were established firstly and then the physicochemical properties, especially the octanol/water partition coefficient and the solubility in various solvent systems such as alcohol, PEG 400, IPM, octanol were examined. The prediction permeability was then compared with actual transdermal parameters obtained from the in-vitro diffusion study , and feasibility of drug transdermal absorption was then analyzed.

在制剂开发的处方前研究工作中，首先建立了α-细辛醚的紫外及HPLC分析方法，测定了药物的油水分配系数及在生理盐水、各系列浓度的乙醇、PEG400、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、正辛醇等溶媒中溶解度；其次，确立了药物体外经皮渗透研究的方法，并考察溶媒及促渗剂(乙醇、丙二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯等)对药物体外经皮渗透性能的影响，计算药物经皮渗透的各参数，根据药物的药物动力学参数，分析了药物经皮吸收的可行性。

Chicken IL-15(ChIL-15), Which was discovered in 2001, plays a main role in activating NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and may therefore have potential as a vaccine adjuvant.According to published ChIL-15 gene sequence, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized to clone ChIL-15 cDNA from ConA-activated chicken splenocytes by RT-PCR. Recombinant plasmid pUC19ChIL-15 carrying the ChIL-15 gene was constructed. The gene encoding mature ChIL-15 (mChIL-15) was amplified from pUC19ChIL-15 by PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. After digested with Kpn I /Pst I , the mChIL-15 gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pPRoEX橦Ta and transformed into E.coli DH5a .The transformant was induced by IPTG, and the recombinant ChIL-15(rChIL-15) was expressed as a fusion protein with a histidine hexamer tag at the N-terminal end of the protein. Following expression, the protein was purified by ProBond?Nickel-Chelating Resin. The uninduced and induced protein lysates and the purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane to identify rChIL-15 by Western blot. The rChIL-15 was used to immune the guinea pig to obtain rChIL-15 polyclonal antibody.

参考已发表的ChIL-15基因序列，设计合成引物，应用RT-PCR技术从刀豆球蛋白A活化的白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞中克隆ChIL-15 cDNA，将其与SmalⅠ酶切处理的pUC19载体连接，构建重组质粒pUC19ChIL-15；用PCR技术从pUC19ChIL-15中扩增出去信号肽的成熟ChIL-15(mChIL-15)基因，与pMD 18-T载体相连构建重组质粒pMDChIL-15；然后用KpnⅠ／PstⅠ双酶切下mChIL-15基因片段，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的带有6个组氨酸标签的表达载体pP_RoEX~HTa中，构建重组质粒pP_RoChIL-15，对其测序确认读框正确后，转入大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达并进行纯化，用重组ChIL-15(rChIL-15)免疫豚鼠，制备多克隆抗体；再用HindⅢ／PstⅠ从质粒pP_RoChIL-15上切下mChIL-15基因，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB中，经酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定后，与杆状病毒线形化DNABac-N-Blue~(TM DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经三轮蚀斑纯化，构建重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIL-15，用该重组病毒感染处于对数生长期的Sf9细胞，按不同的时间收取样品，离心后对其上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。

Fig. 2-9 Scanning electron micrographs of HDPE/pine-based WPC that was unweathered, 400-h xenon-arc-weathered, 2000-h xenon-arc-weathered, and 2-year exterior-weathered.

图2-9 HDPE/松木WPC的电子显微影像：无经耐候试验，经400 h氙弧灯耐候试验，经2000 h氙弧灯耐候试验，经2年户外耐候试验。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。