细菌的

Although most antibiotics reduced the number of bacteria in pancreas, they affected the balance of intestinal microflora. The QYT herbs could decrease the number of intestinal aerobe, increase the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, and significantly reduce bacterial translocation rate.

绝大多数抗生素虽然能减少胰腺细菌数量，但却影响微生态平衡，而清胰汤能明显减少肠道需氧菌数量，增加双岐杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量，降低细菌的移位率。

In the autumn of 1928, a Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming was searching for a substance that would kill deadly germs .

1928年秋，一位苏格兰细菌学家亚历山大。佛来明在寻找一种能够杀死致命细菌的物质。

"In his basement laboratory in London, a bacteriologist, Dr. Alexander Fleming, was searching for a substance that would kill deadly bacteria."

当时细菌学家亚历山大·佛来明博士正在地下试验室里研制一种能够杀灭致命细菌的物质。

The study of bacteria is called bacteriology.

研究细菌的学问叫做细菌学。

On the base of the constructing phylogenetic tree using PAUP 4.0, MP and NJ (neighbor-joining) trees of diverse pectate and pectin lyases showed that pectate lyases from plant, pectin lyases from fungi and pectate lyases from bateria belong to different groups, respectively. The pectate lyase A of Aspergillus nidulans is more closely related to plant pectate lyases than to pectin lyase from fungi and pectate lyases from bacteria. The pectin lyase from Pseudomonas syringae is more closely related to fungi pectin lyases than other lyases.

构建的MP树和NJ树(neighbor-joining)显示：来自植物的果胶酸裂解酶、真菌的果胶酸酯裂解酶、细菌的果胶酸裂解酶分别可聚为一个独立的类群；相对于细菌果胶酸裂解酶和真菌果胶酸酯裂解酶而言，构巢曲霉的果胶酸裂解酶A和植物的果胶酸裂解酶之间有较近的亲缘关系；细菌Pseudomonas syringae的果胶酸酯裂解酶和真菌的果胶酸酯裂解酶之间的亲缘关系较近。

The aim of this research is to find out the experimental parameters that affecting the results when analyzing bacteria by MALDI TOF MS, and to set up a general sample preparation protocol for establishing mass database of Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. It will play an important role in rapid identification of bacteria, and tracing its origin in the scenario of bioterrorism and outbreak of infectious disease for microbial forensic analysis. Methods:As for the universalness of sample preparation protocol for bacterial analysis by MALDI TOF MS, bacteria being investigated included: gram-positive bacteria including B.

本研究通过对MALDI TOF MS分析细菌的方法进行系统的研究，阐明影响MALDI分析的重要实验因素的作用，并建立MALDI TOF MS分析细菌的标准实验方法，从而实现不同菌种和同一种内不同菌株的鉴定，为建立炭疽芽孢杆菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的质量图谱数据库奠定基础，从而能够快速准确地检测和鉴定我国不同来源的炭疽芽孢杆菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌，在生物恐怖或传染性疾病爆发时，作为微生物法医学的一种重要技术，快速、准确地鉴定细菌，并追踪其来源。

To obtain a better understanding of the microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract of wood-feeding lower termites, the European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), was used as a model system. The diversity and structure of the bacterial community in the different niches of the gut, as well as the distribution and location of major bacterial phylotypes within the intestinal tract was evaluated using various molecular techniques such as clonal analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, the symbiotic bacteria associated with the flagellate, Pyrsonympha vertens in the gut of the closely related Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes , were phylogenetically characterized.

为了对木食性白蚁肠道共生微生物有一个全面的了解，以揭示白蚁肠道共生微生物在木质纤维素消化中的作用，本论文在国际上首次报道了应用分子克隆，DNA指纹分析，及荧光原位杂交等多种先进的分子生物学技术，以散白蚁Reticulitermes santonensis为模式系统研究低等木食性白蚁肠道内不同微生态环境中细菌的区系结构及多样化和主要细菌类群在该白蚁肠道的分布与定位等问题，并研究了与散白蚁Reticulitermes flavipes肠道共生鞭毛虫P.vertens相关的共生细菌的系统发育类型。

In this study,under laboratory conditions,using traditional microbiological culture method,select the Pb2+ stress training of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L. under water culture, through the changs of root- microbial of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L.,the results show that bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes have different concentrations under Pb2+ stress. It is specificity of ammonification, nitrification,andanti-Nitrosation after Pb2+ stress.

中文摘要：本研究在实验室条件下，用传统的微生物培养法，选择重金属离子Pb2+在水培条件下对大薸和穗状狐尾藻进行胁迫培养，通过测定大薸和穗状狐尾藻根系的微生物区系及与氮循环有关的四种细菌的数量变化发现：细菌、真菌、放线菌对重金属Pb2+的不同浓度的敏感性不同；重金属Pb2+胁迫对氨化、硝化、亚硝化和反硝化四类细菌的影响也表现出各自的特殊性。

The soil and bark samples collected from Yunnan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces of China, and also from Vietnam, were used as the materials in this experiment. And dung pellets of rabbits or goats that had been autoclaved can be used to induce many kinds of fruiting bodies of the Myxobacteria in different colors, sizes, and shapes. We isolated and purified Myxobacteria strains with the improved method which was found by our laboratory.

本实验以采集自越南以及我国的云南、河北、陕西各地的土样和各种树皮、腐木作为实验材料，利用兔、羊粪球和滤纸作为基质诱导出多种颜色丰富、形态多样的粘细菌子实体，采用本实验室摸索出的较为有效的纯化粘细菌的方法，在实验器材上用24孔细胞培养板代替传统的平皿，有效地缩短了粘细菌的纯化周期，提高了分离纯化的效率。

In the initial stage of the bioleaching, when the bacteria are not active, the chemical oxidation of ferric irons to the solid sulfide minerals is primary; While in the whole course of the bioleaching, it is very limited; ferric irons inhibit the bacterial activity, lower the oxidational ability of the bacteria to ferrous irons in the liquid phase; ferric irons and their precipitations reduce the quantities of the attached bacteria and their activity, and have bad influence on the direct bioleaching action.

结果表明，在浸出的初始阶段，Fe3+的化学氧化作用是主要的；但在整个金属浸出过程中，Fe3+的化学氧化作用是很有限的；Fe3+对T.f菌有一定的抑制作用，降低了它们对液相中Fe2+的氧化能力；Fe3+及其沉淀使细菌在固体矿物颗粒表面的吸附量减少，降低了吸附细菌的活性，从而影响了细菌的直接氧化浸出作用。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。