细胞遗传学

Non-invasive sampling is a useful tool for genetic analysis of endangered species,but it is often inapplicable due to the low quality and quantity of DNA obtained.In order to explore a method for extracting DNA from specimen of bird,we tried to extract DNA from dried skin of birds.We extracted total DNA of the koklass specimens successfully.

20世纪80年代以来，由于PCR技术的广泛应用，已经能对极少量遗传物质进行检测，由此产生了一类新的取样方法——非损伤性取样[1]，即在不伤害或触及动物的前提下收集脱落的毛发、粪便、口腔脱落细胞、陈旧皮张等作为分析样品，进行遗传学分析。

There are some overlapped features between basal-like ca and metaplastic ca as Dr. Huang mentioned. There are no good IHC and genetic features to distingush these two for some case.

如Dr。 Huang所说，基底细胞样癌和化生性癌之间有重叠，在很多病例中，两者之间也没有很好的免疫组化和遗传学特征来进行区分。

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological feature, immunophenotype and genetic of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, sarcomatoid variant.

目的 探讨肉瘤样型间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理特点、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。

Lead author Indrani Sarkar of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, who co-partnered the breakthrough, said, The most important, and likely most difficult, among these is that the enzyme would need efficient and safe means of deliery and would hae to be able to function without aderse side effects on humans.

德累斯顿分子细胞生物学和遗传学Max Planck研究所的前驱者，也是这个突破的合伙人 Indrani Sarkar 说，这其中最重要的，可能也是最困难的是，这个酶去除的方式要是有效的和安全的，并且在作用时对人体没有不良副作用。

"Understanding this toggle switch might ultimately enable scientists to find ways to stop cells from metastasizing, which is the most deadly trait of cancer," said the study's lead investigator, Mariano Garcia-Blanco, M.D., Ph.D., professor of molecular genetics and microbiology.

&对这个开关的了解可能最终会使科学家们能够找到阻止细胞转移的方法，而转移是癌细胞最致命的特征。&研究的首席研究员Mariano Garcia-Blanco说（分子遗传学和微生物学博士）。

The detection and isolation of fetal nucleated erythrocytes from maternal blood using flow cytometry.

孕妇外周血胎儿有核红细胞的分离与检测。中华医学遗传学杂志，1998，15∶

Research Areas Include: Animal behaviour, Biorhythms, Cell biology, Complexity of biological systems, Ecology, Enzyme kinetics, Evolutionary biology, Gene networks, Genetics, Membrane transport, Molecular structures, Morphogenesis, Neurobiology, Origin of life, Pattern formation, Physiological mechanisms and Population biology.

具体的研究领域涉及：动物行为、生物节律、细胞生物学、生物系统复杂性、生态学、酶动力学、进化生物学、基因网络、遗传学、膜传导、分子结构、多样性、神经生物学、生命起源、组织模式、生理学机制、群体生物学等。

However, until the mid-eighteenth century, Austria is also a missionary to become the founder of Mendelian genetics, adopted by the pea-hybrid experiments, the cells found in some kind of bio-genetic factor determines the trait.

但是直至十八世纪中叶，奥地利一位传教士也是成为遗传学鼻祖的孟德尔，通过豌豆杂交试验，发现了细胞中某种因子决定了生物遗传性状。

Clearly, Volvox evolved from similar algae that exist only as single cells, but until now the genetics of the process have been obscure.

显然团藻是从类似的只有单个细胞的藻类进化来的，但这个进化过程的遗传学机理迄今为止还不清楚。

What genetic change allowed multicellular animals to come into existence remains obscure. But Volvox shows the sort of thing to look for: a gene that stops reproduction in single-celled creatures and has been co-opted to do a new job.

究竟是什么样的遗传学变化使多细胞动物来到这个世界上仍是一个谜，但团藻为人们指出了一条路：一个阻止单细胞生物繁殖并指派给它另一个工作的基因。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。