细胞遗传学

Genetic study has shown that Smad family is an important mediator during signaling transduction of TGF-β superfamily.

遗传学研究发现Smad蛋白是TGF-β超家族细胞内信号传导的重要介质。

Of human cancers in our country, yet little is known about the molecular changes in this often disfiguring and fatal disease. The disease is characterized by a relatively poor prognosis and the treatment is generally followed by severe dysfunction. Few protooncogenes and tumor suppresser genes have been found to be altered in laryngeal carcinoma.

与其他肿瘤一样，喉癌细胞的染色体也存在数目异常和结构畸变，而几个特定的染色体区段不同长度的缺失是喉癌染色体结构畸变较突出的特征，这为在分子遗传学水平揭示喉癌的发生机制提供了充分的理论依据。

Research clusters of the faculty have been developed in developmental genetics, cell biology, physiology and systematics and evolution etc.

育，研究簇已经在发展遗传学、细胞生物学、生理学以及分类学和进化等学科中发展起来。

"Understanding this toggle switch might ultimately enable scientists to find ways to stop cells from metastasizing, which is the most deadly trait of cancer," said the study's lead investigator, Mariano Garcia-Blanco, M.D., Ph.D., professor of molecular genetics and microbiology.

"对这个开关的了解可能最终会使科学家们能够找到阻止细胞转移的方法，而转移是癌细胞最致命的特征。"研究的首席研究员Mariano Garcia-Blanco说（分子遗传学和微生物学博士）。

Furthermore, besides considering changes in DNA methylation as mechanisms of disease, the role of epigenetics in general and DNA methylation in particular in transgenerational carcinogenesis, in memory formation and behavior establishment are brought about as mechanisms based on the cellular memory of gene expression patterns.

而且，除了考虑DNA甲基化改变作为疾病的机制外，表观遗传学一般的及DNA甲基化特别的在隔代致癌中的作用，在记忆形成和行为确立被引发作为基于基因表达模式的细胞记忆的机制。

The chorionic villi cells may be used for chromosome analysis or other genetic testing.

这些绒毛膜绒毛细胞可被用于染色体分析或其他遗传学测试。

Research is carried out in the following key areas: antibiotic resistance in bacteria, clostridial genetics, dendritic cells and their function, environmental microbiology and bioremediation, insect viruses and the biological control of insect pests, mycobacterial diseases of animals, microbial genomics, vaccine development delivery systems, viruses and viral vaccines etc.

该系开展下列关键领域的研究工作：细菌的抗生素抗性；梭菌遗传学，树突细胞及其功能，环境微生物学与生物纠正，昆虫病毒与有害昆虫的生物控制，动物的分枝杆菌疾病，微生物基因组学，疫苗开发运送系统，病毒与病毒疫苗等。

Over 3000 years ago, however, the ancient bronze designers of Sanxingdui constructed human eyes in a "mosaic" both dorsoventral and nasotemporal divisions.

西方学者在19世纪提出了眼睛的&拼合&模型，当今发育生物学、遗传学以及分子细胞生物学研究结果进一步证明了该模型的合理性。

The big difference between these two alternatie ways that tumour cells use to inactiate tumour suppressor genes is that, while the reersal of genetic alterations is technically almost unfeasible in clinical scenarios, the function of these epigenetically inactiated suppressor genes is easily reactiated by pharmacological means.

这两种改变方式最大的不同之处在于肿瘤细胞利用失活的肿瘤抑制基因，而在同时相反的遗传学改变在临床方案上是很难实施的技术。

In their new work, the researchers established a genetic connection between male sexuality of an oogamous multicellular green algae species, Pleodorina starrii, and one of the mating types of its isogamous ancestor, the unicellular alga Clamydomonas reinhardtii.

在这项最新研究中，研究人员让一种异配生殖多细胞绿藻（Pleodorina starrii藻）与其同配生殖单细胞祖先（Clamydomonas reinhardtii藻）的其中一种配子类型进行雄性配子结合，从而建立两种藻类的遗传学联系。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。