细胞质的

In eukaryotic cells,Toll-like receptors in endosomal membrane were show to recognize viral RNA in endosome and thereby initiate innate immunity pathways for virus resistance.By contrast,a cytosolic RNA receptor protein, RIG-Ⅰ(retinoic acid inducible gene-Ⅰ),has recently been identified for recognition of the viral RNA.

在真核生物体内，除了定位于内吞体膜上的TOLL样受体能够识别入侵机体的病毒RNA，启动机体抗病毒的固有免疫反应外，近年来发现了另一种能够识别病毒RNA的细胞质内受体——RIG-Ⅰ。

The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content and the appearance quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).

应用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株基因的遗传主效应以及基因型×环境互作效应的数量性状遗传模型及非条件和条件分析方法，研究了籼稻稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间的遗传相关性，进一步揭示了籼稻糙米重、稻米直链淀粉含量对稻米蛋白质含量与外观品质性状间遗传相关性的影响。

Characters controlled by the DNA of extranuclear organelles are not inherited according to Mendelian laws and are transmitted only through the female line, since only the female gametes have an appreciable amount of cytoplasm.

由于细胞质大多来自母体所产生的配子，所以由细胞核外的细胞器的 DNA 所控制的遗传性状一般只随母系而遗传，也不符合孟德尔定律。

The colony morphology, growth rate and homothallic characters were all steadily inherited in both single-zoospore and single-oospore progenies,which indicated that the genetic factors of controlling the three characters were homozygous.

结果表明，菌落形态、生长速率和同宗配合性状在单孢后代可稳定遗传，控制上述性状的遗传因子是纯合的；大豆疫霉菌的游动孢子产生能力在单孢后代发生连续性变异，表明这种性状可能是数量遗传性状，也可能控制这种性状的基因为杂合基因或细胞质遗传因子。

It was inferred that this fragment might be relative to V-CMS. Homology analysis showed that there existed 84 bp homologous sequences between a Hordeum vulgare genomic DNA fragment and S238(subscript 999), this fragment may be a newly discovered sequence related to wheat V-CMS.

通过NCBI数据库的同源性比对，发现该片段仅与一个Hordeum vulgare基因组DNA片段有84bp的同源序列，表明这是一个新的可能与V型小麦细胞质雄性不育相关的序列。

ERIC, a pair of rep-PCR primers, can amplify NSa-specific band. Using the amplification band patterns of two pairs of primers, which are REP and ERIC, six types of male sterile cytoplasm can be distinguished. 2. A cDNA library for CMS-associated genes was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridzation with the sterile line and its isonuclear maintainer.

利用特异引物扩增的结果表明NSa不育胞质与Pol、Ogu不育胞质不同，一对rep-PCR引物ERIC能扩增到NSa的特异带，而且REP和ERIC两对引物相结合能将NSa不育胞质与油菜原有的不育细胞质区分开，从分子水平上证明了NSa不育胞质的新颖性。

At interphase, there is no cytoplasmic channel in the cell walls of PMCs; At zygonema and pachynema, a lot of cytoplasmic channel, ranging in diameter from 150nm to 600nm, appears; After pachynema, the number of channels decrease rapidly.

在间期的花粉母细胞间未见胞质通道，胞质通道在偶线期前后形成并开放，在粗线期以后迅速减少。在细线期和偶线期，花粉母细胞细胞质膜与细胞壁之间的质外体出现大量的小泡，即所谓的壁旁体。

A lot of organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi bodies were observed in fiber cell. Then, double karyotheca disappeared, and the organelles disintegrated. Multivesicular bodies appeared in fiber cytoplasm. With the further development of fiber, fiber wall underwent continual thickening with aging, and polylaminate structure gradually appeared. While the agglutinated nucleus, transfer vesicles, plasma membrane and plasmodesmata still presented.

研究发现，次生壁形成早期，细胞核具有双层核膜，染色质凝聚，可见大量的线粒体、粗面内质网和高尔基体等细胞器存在于纤维细胞中；随后，双层核膜消失，细胞器将逐渐解体，多泡体开始出现在纤维细胞的细胞质；随着年龄的增加，纤维细胞壁逐渐增厚，并出现多层结构现象，而运输小泡、细胞膜、胞间连丝和凝聚的染色质将持续存在。

During the wall thickening, the number of Golgi bodies increased apparently and cytoplasm was filled with Golgi vesicles. Polylamellate structure of the secondary wall appeard, Along with the further development of tracheary elements, the nucleous disappeared and organelles were decreased, while cortical microtubules were arranged neatly against the inner side of plasmalemma.

初生壁与质膜之间有间隔较规律的次生壁突起；中期，线粒体和高尔基体的数量明显增加，细胞质中几乎充满高尔基体及其囊泡，次生壁中微纤丝已成有序排列；晚期，细胞核消失，导管中央形成空腔，细胞器迅速减少，仅观察到少量高尔基体和线粒体，有大量周质微管沿细胞长轴分布，且在次生壁的周围有大量小泡附着，次生壁的分层结构清晰可见。

Is one of the most important vegetable crops, it shows remarkable heterosis, producing hybrid seed using Cytoplasmic Male Sterile line as female parent is a very important way to utilize the heterosis in radish.

是一种非常重要的蔬菜作物，其具有明显的杂种优势，以细胞质雄性不育系为母本，实行三系配套的制种方式是萝卜杂种优势利用的重要途径。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。