细胞谱系

Segmentation in the chick embryo hindbrain is defined by cell lineage restrictions.

鸡胚胎后脑的分化由细胞谱系所限制〉《自然》第344 卷(1990)： 431-435页。

The osteoclast is a member of the monocyte/macrophage family, decreased or increased number and activity of osteoclasts respectively causes osteopetrosis or osteoporosis and other osteolytic diseases.

破骨细胞来源于单核／巨噬细胞谱系，其数量和活性的不足或增加分别会导致骨硬化症和骨质疏松及其他溶骨性疾病。

Analysis of double mutants between bro-1(bp133) and several heterochronic mutants showed that the proliferative seam cell division occurred at any stage was defective in bro-1 mutation background.

对bro-1和不同异时基因构成的双突变的细胞谱系分析表明在L2时期以外时期出现的增殖性分裂也可以因为bro-1基因的突变而缺失。

Restrictive changes of TCR Vp repertoire and clonal expanded T cells could be found in peripheral blood T cells from patients with T-ALL. However, the clonal expanded T cells' property (clonal expansion leukemic cells or leukemia antigen-specific expansion T cells) should be further characterized. It may play a certain role on detection of minimal residual disease and design of anti-leukemia idiotypic vaccine. The dominant utilization of TCR VjJ repertoire could be found in peripheral blood T cells from patients with B-ALL, meanwhile clonal expansive T cells were existed. It may be a feature of the host immune response for leukemia-associated antigen. The clonal expansive tendency of T cells in V021 and VP23 subfamilies was rather obvious, which may be correlated with certain malignant B-cell clone. The CDR3 sequences of monoclonal expansive T cell in T cell strains were different, which was the base of developing DNA vaccine.

T-ALL患者外周血T细胞的TCR Vβ谱系出现限制性改变，均可检测到克隆性增殖T细胞，尚需进一步鉴定其性质(肿瘤性或抗原特异性增殖)，对于研究微小残留病变检测和设计抗白血病独特型疫苗均有一定的意义。B-ALL病人外周血T细胞的TCR Vβ谱系呈现优势利用的特点，并存在克隆性增殖的T细胞，这可能是机体对白血病相关抗原产生的特异性免疫反应；Vβ21和Vβ23亚家族T细胞发生克隆增殖改变的趋向性比较明显，可能与B-ALL相关抗原刺激有关。T细胞株中检测到的肿瘤克隆其CDR3序列具有高度的特异性，是构建DNA疫苗的基础。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Fate-mapping analysis after olfactory neuroepithelium lesioning shows that HBCs are competent to regenerate both neuronal and non-neuronal olfactory neuroepithelium lineages.

嗅神经上皮损害后细胞命运映射分析显示HBCs足以重建嗅神经上皮的神经元谱系和非神经元谱系。

We found that over-expression of the Notch ligand, Jagged-1, activated the Notch signaling pathway in DPSCs. Jagged-1 inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro.

Notch配体Jagged-1的过表达能激活DPSCs的Notch信号通路，在体外抑制成牙本质细胞谱系分化。

Among its many biological activities, the major function of GM-CSF is to stimulate hematogenie stem cells prolification from silent stage to S phage, so that the stem cells can differentiate into granulocyte-macrophage cells.

有4个外显子和3个内含子，基因定位于5号染色体长臂5q21-5q32区，大多数器官均能产生GM-CSF，GM-CSF有多种生物活性，作用于多种细胞谱系，其主要作用是刺激造血祖细胞增殖即从静止期进入S期，并分化为粒细胞---单核巨噬细胞。

Cell lineage strictly refers to a genetic line of descent, telling us the ancestry of a cell in question.

细胞谱系指遗传家系的传承，说明的是细胞的来源问题。

Together, the data unrael preiously unrecognized expression patterns of Notch signaling-related genes in CD34+ CD38+ cells as they deelop in Jagged1- or Delta1-stromal cell enironments, which appear to reflect sequential maturational stages of CD34+ cells into distinct cell lineages.

以上数据阐明了先前未知的Notch信号相关基因在CD34+、CD38+细胞以及Jagged1-或 Delta1-间充质细胞环境中的表达模式，这会影响CD34+细胞向独特细胞谱系分化的连续成熟期。翻译不当之处请站友不吝赐教！

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。