细胞营养质

In contrast with the rapid nucleus degradation, cell organelles in cytoplasm, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained their metabolic functions for a longer time.

在核衰退的同时，其胞质中的粗面内质网、淀粉质体和线粒体等细胞器具有正常的代谢功能，细胞仍在合成并积累营养物质，淀粉胚乳细胞一边衰退一边行使其功能，直至死亡。

In the process of nucleus degeneration, cell organella, for example, rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained normally metabolic functions in cytoplasm, and nutrient substance was still synthesized and accumulated at the time of nuclear degeneration, the starchy endosperm cells carried out their functions until cell death simultaneously.

在核衰退的同时，其胞质中的粗面内质网、淀粉质体和线粒体等细胞器具有正常的代谢功能，细胞仍在合成并积累营养物质，淀粉胚乳细胞表现出一边衰退一边在行使其功能，直到细胞死亡。

The species of extracellular ATP can participate the effect of nerve system not only as the neurotransmitter and modulator but also has a trophic action to glial cell and neuron. It participates in many courses, e.g. cell differentiation and apoptosis, the morphologic change of chondriosome, to stimulate the synthesis and release of cytokine and nerve growth factor. It has a great influence to neurological growth and plasticity.

细胞外ATP类物质不仅可以作为神经递质及调质参与神经系统的功能，还可对胶质细胞及神经元产生营养作用，广泛参与细胞分化及凋亡、细胞线粒体形态变化、刺激细胞因子及神经生长因子的合成及释放等过程，对神经系统的发育及可塑性变化产生重要的影响。

Factor of 1 nerve nutrition and lack gene of nutrition of ill nerve of blood-vessel of head of courage and uprightness is a group of special protein and peptide kind element, this are familial include nerve to grow factor (factor of nutrition of nerve of sex of NGF), head source , nerve - 3, alkalescent grow into fiber cell factor and nerve of sex of colloid cell source.

现将几种重要的非炎性细胞因子和缺血性脑血管病关系的探究进展作以下综述。1神经营养因子和缺血性脑血管病神经营养因子是一组非凡的蛋白质和肽类分子，该家族包括神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子、神经营养素-3、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子等。

The ultrastructure characters of pollen grain in Brassica napus are:1There are vacuoles in cytoplasm but no starch grain in uniceelluar pollengrain.2The veget- ative nucleus of bicellular pollen grain is generally spheroidal;while the generative cell is spinde-shaped,with a big nucleus,thin layer of cytoplasmand few cell orgens,no cell wall.3In three-celled pollen grain the sperm cell is separated from the cytoplasm of vegetative cell by two layers of plasmic membrances.

Brassica napus的花粉粒，在不同发育时期超微结构的特征如下：1单胞花粉粒有一个球形的细胞核和明显的核仁，细胞质内出现液泡，缺少典型的淀粉粒。2双胞花粉粒的营养核多为球形。生殖细胞纺锤形，无细胞壁，细胞核比例大，细胞质呈薄层，细胞器少。3三胞花粉粒有一个裂片状的营养核和两个纺锤形的精细胞，精细胞无壁，以两层质膜与营养细胞的细胞质相隔。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

It has been found that ectogenic GDNF has nervous protective effec,but ectogenic GDNF cannot enter blood brain barrier.

传统观点认为，星形胶质细胞是神经系统的支持细胞，构成神经组织的网架而起支持作用，与神经元的解剖位置关系紧密，参与中枢神经系统的免疫反应，参与构成血脑屏障，目前研究发现，脑缺血时星形胶质细胞异常活跃，通过合成多种蛋白质、细胞因子和神经营养因子等对神经元起保护作用，对缺血性脑损伤的发展和转归具有重要意义。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程下一页末页共有 23 条记录，本页从第 1 到第 10 条。

Methods The astrocytes were isolated from cerebral cortex of neonatal rats which are born within three days, cultivating by DMEM media added with 15% fetal calf serum and depurating by swinging and passaging, to simulate nulli-nutrition model by substituting medium for PBS buffer solution 3h then applying methylprednisolone and recnutrition immediately, we will go on culturing for three days, verificating astrocytes by immunofluorescent technique; detecting activity of AST; determining GFAP of change by PCR.

采用出生3d内的SD大鼠的新生鼠的大脑制成细胞悬浊液后，应用含15%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养，通过摇床和逐渐传代纯化星形胶质细胞，通过PBS缓冲液代替培养基模拟缺营养模型3h后即刻应用甲基强的松龙(10umol/l)，然后继续培养3d，免疫荧光技术鉴定星形胶质细胞；MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性和凋亡；PCR技术测定细胞GFAP表达的变化。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。