细胞结构

According to the size and shape of oocyte, the morphology of nucleolus, the growth of yolk and the structure of follicle, oogenesis of H. d. supertexta can be divided into three stages as follows: oogonium, previtellogenic oocyte and vitellogenic oocyte. The ovary wall is composed of tunica adventitia and germinal epithelium which will produce oogonia and follicle cells. The follicle is the structure unit of ovary.

根据卵细胞的大小、形状，核仁的形态，卵黄颗粒的积累情况，滤泡的结构等，将九孔鲍卵子的发生分为卵原细胞、卵黄发生前的卵母细胞和卵黄发生期的卵母细胞3个时期；卵巢壁由外膜及内生殖上皮构成，生殖上皮分化产生卵原细胞和滤泡细胞；卵巢的结构单位是滤泡。

The leaf epidermis structures of 6 species of Rhododendron had been observed under LM and SEM. The results show that all share together common features as follows: the leaf blades are typical back-abdomen bifacial types, the upper epidermis are formed by two or three layer bigger cells which inside layer cell is bigger than outside one, and the upper epidermis are covered with thicker cuticle.

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了6种杜鹃属植物的叶片结构，结果表明，它们具有共同形态结构特征：典型的异面叶，上表皮由2~3层细胞组成，内大外小或内、外等大，有较厚的角质膜，无气孔器分布；下表皮均由1层细胞组成，排列紧密；栅栏组织由2层以上长柱形细胞组成，排列紧密；海绵组织细胞较短，排列较疏松，细胞间隙较大；均有表皮附属物。

The results by invert embedding TEM showed that higher invasive CCL229cells had vast of ER,which distributed throughout cytosol especially largeamount of vesicle-like and flatten cisternal rER in pseudopodia or cell processesand membranous flow-like structure from perinuclear region to pseudopodia,and less Golgi complex.

倒置包埋法常规透射电镜对人大肠癌细胞的超微结构观察结果显示，高侵袭力的CCL229细胞中内质网数量较多并呈全细胞分布，尤其在细胞伸出的众多伪足中含有丰富的小泡状和扁平囊样粗面ER结构，而且观察到由小泡形成的&膜流样&结构从核周一直深入到伪足中，但细胞中高尔基器少见。

The identified proteins are involved in a variety of cellular process including several zinc finger proteins relevant to transcription regulation, such as zinc finger 198, 263, 14, 224, zf6, novel protein similar to transcriptional represser CTCF, and kruppel-like zinc finger protein; two members of the ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family; two members of integrin family; several proteins involved in the signal transduction, cell-cycle control, chromatin remodeling and transcription repression; and also some proteins of cell skeleton and some with unknown functions.

鉴定出 的蛋白包括多个与转录调控相关的锌指蛋白，如锌指蛋白198、263、14、224、zf6、转录抑制因子cTcF样蛋白、幻肚pple样锌指蛋白等：两个含金属蛋白酶结构域和整合素结合结构域的家族成员ADAM28和ADAM17；两个整合素家族成员pZ整合素和含十个EGF样结构域的整合素；与细胞信号转导通路有关的蛋白；与细胞周期调控有关的蛋白；与染色体重塑和基因转录抑制有关的蛋白；细胞骨架蛋白以及其他功能未明的蛋白等。

Spindled zones blended imperceptibly into areas showing epithelial differentiation, in the form of glomeruloid glandular structures, sertoli-like tubules, and small glands, lined by cuboidal to columnar cells.

梭形细胞区与上皮样分化区互相掺杂，立方状或柱状瘤细胞排列成肾小球样腺管结构、支持细胞样小管结构和小腺管结构。

The basolateral M cell surface is invaginated to form an intracellular central pocket into and out of which lymphocytes and macrophages.

M细胞是一种特化的上皮细胞，多分布于Peyer's结圆顶区的周边，FAE的顶端未见M细胞；其结构有别于相邻的肠上皮细胞，表面没有长而整齐的微绒毛，取而代之的是粗而短的微皱褶，胞质内终末网不发达，溶酶体较少，基底膜向顶部穹隆状突起，形成一&口袋&样结构，其中含有多个免疫活性细胞。

Results: in contrast with model group, SSM can (1) increase the survival rate of ARF in rats, cut down Scr and BUN at 24hr, improve renal function, slightly surpass Vp in its therapeutic effect;(2) mitigate the extent of renal pathologicchanges, decrease the numbers of renal tubule necroses and casts;(3) protect renal ultrastructure such as microvilli, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of TEC, podocytic process of glomerulus epithelial cell,endothelial cell etc, better than Vp;(4) enhance SOD activity, lower MDA contents in renal cortex;(5) enhance NO contents in serum, reduce ET levels in plasma;(6) evidently cut down TNF- a contents in serum, superior to Vp;(7) antagonize calcium overload in TEC;(8) alleviate renal pathological changes in ARF metaphase (at 3d), advance regeneration and recovery of TEC, restore renal structure in ARF convalescence (at 5d), and better than Vp;(9) increase the expression of TEC PCNA and prepro EGFmRNA in ARF metaphase.

结果：与模型组相比，SSM能(1)提高ARF大鼠的存活率，降低24hr时Scr及BUN，改善肾功能，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(2)减轻ARF肾脏病变程度，减少24hr肾小管坏死数及管腔内管型数；(3)对肾脏的超微结构如肾小管上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体、内质网、肾小球上皮细胞足突、内皮细胞等形态结构均有一定的保护作用，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(4)提高肾皮质SOD活性，降低MDA含量；(5)提高血清NO水平，同时降低血浆ET含量；(6)显著降低血清TNF-α的水平，疗效明显优于维拉帕米；(7)拮抗小管上皮细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高；(8)使ARF中期(第3d时)肾组织病变较同期其它两组明显减轻，并使肾小管细胞再生修复提前，至ARF恢复期(第5d时)肾组织结构恢复重建良好；作用明显优于维拉帕米；(9)促进ARF中期肾小管上皮细胞PCNA的表达及EGF前体mRNA的合成，从而增加EGF的合成释放，而维拉帕米无此作用。

RESULTS: In the retinal region without light, the structure of every layer was clear, cells in neuroepithelial layer arrayed in rule, some bubble presented in external granular layer and internal granular layer, RPE cells were compact, and the color of pigment article was coincident. In the region with direct blue light and that with 30J/cm2+Acrysof one-piece/ pMMlA, cells on photoreceptor and external granular layer were lost partially, bubble increased, RPE cells were with different sizes, and cell edema, cell lost and pigment article cluster could be seen.. In region with 30J/cm2+Natural, a little disorganization could be seen comparing to that without light, but more normal than those with Acrysof and direct eradia tion.

结果：未照射部位：视网膜各层次结构清晰，神经上皮层内各细胞排列规则，整齐，RPE细胞排列紧密均匀，色素颜色一致；单独光照和透过Acrysof一片式I0L：光感受器层部分细胞丢失，外核层可见固缩核，浓密，内颗粒层细胞大量丢失，内丛状层内空泡明显增多，RPE表面，细胞大小不均，可见肿胀、缺失，细胞内色素浓密、聚集成块；透过Nat-ural一片：与未照射处相比，视网膜各层次结构仍有部分破坏，但程度明显减轻。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3. 1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus , which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3. 1/IFN which includes the gene IFN-α of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to cattles with or without pcDNA3. 1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies titers were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫苗，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接/酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C和pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D、pTARGET/P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN分别/同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以1OOID〓或1000ID〓的O型FMDV China99株；随后将质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C、pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10〓ID〓的O型FMDV China99株。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELlSA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P 12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3.1/lFN which includes the gene IFN-a of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to catties with or without pcDNA3.1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies liters were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫曲，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接／酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C和pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D、pTARGET／P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN分别／同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以100ID_(50)或1000ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株：随后将质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C、pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10~4ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新