细胞滋养层

On the morphological differentiation,by inducing of fetal calf serum,it wasshown that the cytotrophoblast cells underwent aggregation first,and the adjacentcytoplasm membranes became tightly contacted through desomosomes andcytoskeleton.Then the adjacent cytoplasm membranes disintegrated fragmentallyto form fusion pore-like structure.Finally the multinuclear cells formed and inwhich the intercellular desmosomes disappeared.Immunocytochemical stainingfurther demonstrated that the formation of syncytium was through cell membranefusion rather than the amitosis process.

细胞形态分化的研究结果表明：早孕胎盘来源的细胞滋养层细胞在血清诱导下，首先发生聚集，并通过桥粒和细胞骨架使相邻的细胞膜紧密接触；之后细胞膜发生片段断裂，形成融合孔样结构；细胞间桥粒消失，最终形成多核的合体细胞；免疫细胞化学分析进一步证实合体化是通过细胞膜融合而非无丝分裂（amitosis即细胞核分裂而细胞质不分裂）实现的。

Objective To establish a method for the cultivation of keratinocytes in human dermal fibroblast feeder layer.

目的探索和建立人皮肤成纤维细胞滋养层培养人角质形成细胞的技术方法。

On the functional differentiation,we found and that the type II ras-GTPaseactivating protein (p100-GAP),which was specifically expressed in humanplacenta,was largely expressed in the highly-differentiated syncytiotrophoblastcells and moderately expressed in the cultured intermediate trophoblast cells.While in the non-differentiated cytotrophoblast cell line-NPC,no expression was observed.Its mRNA and protein expressingcharacterization was in consistent with that of hCGβ,which was one of the mostimportant markers of the trophoblast cell functional differentiation.In addition,the expressing amount of p100-GAP increased with the progressing of pregnancyand the syncytium formation in vitro.

细胞功能分化的研究结果表明：经重组质粒的构建获得特异表达于人胎盘的p100－GAP的cDNA探针后，从蛋白和分子水平证实p100－GAP大量表达于分化程度高的合体滋养层细胞，少量表达于体外培养的中间型滋养层细胞，而非分化的细胞滋养层细胞NPC则不表达，这种表达特性与作为滋养层细胞功能分化重要指标之一的hCGβ高度一致；p100-GAP表达量还随妊娠过程和体外合体化过程而逐渐增加。

In order to avoid the shortcomings of cytotrophoblasts from early first trimester or term villous cytotrophoblast, the differentiated RS366. 4 was used as new early cytotrophoblast model.

为避免由早期胚胎标本或胎盘来源的细胞滋养层细胞模型的不足，本实验选用由猕猴RS366.4 ES细胞来源的早期分化滋养层细胞为模型进行研究。

As we know that human placentalsyncytiotrophoblast cell derlves from the fused cytotrophoblast cell and fetal calfserum can be able to induce the term placental cytotrophoblast cell fusion in vitro.

妊娠过程中，合体滋养层细胞分泌的hCG可促进卵巢黄体和胎盘分泌孕酮，在维持妊娠中起着重要的作用；然而未分化的细胞滋养层细胞不能合成hCGβ。

Results The expression of ADAM19 are mainly in the cell membrane, plasma and column of cytotrophoblast; The expression of ADAM19 is mainly located on cytotrophoblast during first trimester of pregnancy, and on syncytiotrophoblast in second and third trimester.

结果ADAM19的表达主要集中在滋养细胞的细胞膜、细胞质中和细胞滋养层柱细胞中；早孕绒毛中，ADAM19表达主要集中于细胞滋养细胞膜，在晚孕期胎盘，ADAM19主要表达于合体滋养细胞膜。

In general,it was shown that the human cytotrophoblast cells from thefirst-trimester placenta could actively grow,secrete hormones and differentiatemorphologically and functionally under a strict regulation and the PKA,PKC aswell as the MAPK signal transduction pathways mediated the whole process.

总之，本论文表明早孕胎盘细胞滋养层细胞具备活跃的增殖、激素分泌和形态与功能分化能力，这些过程都是在严格的调控下有序进行的，而且PKA、PKC和MAPK信号转导途径担当了重要角色。

Human leukocyte antigen-G is a neoclassical human leukocyte class Ⅰ b antigen which was observed to be restrictively expressed by the fetal-maternal inter-fate on the extravillous cytotrophoblast.

人类白细胞抗原－G(human leukocyte antigen-G， HLA-G)属于非经典的HLA-Ⅰ类抗原分子，早期的研究发现HLA-G的表达仅局限于母胎界面的绒毛外细胞滋养层。

Through upregulating the production of MMPs in deciduas and chorionic villi, the upregulation of the expression of EMMPRIN in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast column of the villi in the threatened abortion can degenerate deciduas and denudates embryo.

发生先兆流产时合体滋养细胞、细胞滋养层柱所表达的EMMPRIN增强可能通过上调绒毛及蜕膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶的水平，降解细胞外基质，使绒毛剥离、蜕膜组织剥脱。

Three specimens were taken from full-term normal placentas and seven from placentas of pre-eclamptic patients at term.

从两者结构方面存在的差别，提示先兆子癇胎盘绒毛细胞滋养层细胞增生，为缺氧的结果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。