细胞核

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vectors making them have multifunction, i.e. the ability to maintain stability outside of cell, the ability of cell entrance, endosome escape, and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing. The main challenges remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research are discussed.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的4种基本功能－在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能和进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vector making them have multi-function—the ability to maintain stability outside of cell、the ability of cell entrance、the ability of endosome escape and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing, at last, we highlight the main challenges that remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的四种基本功能——在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能、进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，最后本文总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

Rats in the normal group did not receive any intervention.③Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,β-Ⅲ tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in ependyma was determined by the immunohistochemical staining and image analysis.

实验评估：采用免疫组织化学染色法和图像分析技术检测增殖细胞核抗原、β－Ⅲ型微管蛋白（Tuj-1）、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白在室管膜下的表达。

In order to investigate the function of GmAGL15,subcellular localization by transient expression of GmAGL15-GFP fusion protein on onion epiderm showed that GmAGL15 was localized in nucleolus and membrane.

为了研究GmAGL15基因功能，首先本实验利用洋葱表皮对GmAGL15进行了亚细胞定位，发现其定位于细胞核和细胞膜。

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques are applied to examine the phosphorylated extracellular signal－regulated kinase in epidermis of non－expanded skin and expanded skin. Results:Phosphorylated ERK expressed in basal cell layer of epiderm including non－expanded skin and expanded skin are expressed. But in expanded skin they are expressed significantly and densely compared to non－expanded skin. There are significant difference in relative to location of expanded skin and regions of expanded skin.

结果： 1扩张皮肤和正常皮肤表皮基底层都有磷酸化ERK 的表达和分布，但扩张皮肤中的磷酸化ERK的分布和表达较明显，染色较深且密，部分阳性细胞呈多层排列，有散在的增殖团区；2扩张皮肤的顶部和侧部差别不十分明显，而侧部和顶部与基底部有一定的差别，基底部染色较深，多为细胞核着色；3 经图像分析不同部位的正常皮肤和扩张皮肤以及扩张皮肤的不同部分的相对灰度值和阳性细胞密度，进一步证实了上述观察结果。

Cauterizing the episcleral vessels to build chronic elevated IOP can result in the decrease of stained grains in RGCs nucleus.

1。采用Akira法，烙闭大鼠右眼上巩膜静脉，制作大鼠持续性高眼压模型可导致RGCs细胞核内银染颗粒减少。

The cell culture taken from a lens of mild cataractous degree was characterized by a majority of smaller epitheloid cells showing a homogeneous cell picture and a distinct and relatively large nucleus.

结果显示：轻微程度白内障水晶体上皮细胞在培养时多为较小而形状均匀的细胞，其细胞核明显而较大。

Results: Mel specific binding sites were det ermined in 16 kinds of human embryonic tissue and this binding could be inhibit ed by GTPγS, supporting the theory that MR is coupled to inhibitory G-proteins system.

结果：经饱和分析、动力学分析及特异性分析证明人胚胎心、肝、肾及甲状腺等16种组织均存在Mel特异结合位点，亚细胞分布研究表明这些组织中以细胞核及线粒体MR含量最高；GTPγS能够抑制Mel与其受体的结合，使MR的结合容量或亲和力降低。

Being stimulated with LPS 1μg·ml-1, RAW 264.7 cells were observed under LASER confocal microscopy. Erythrine P65 subunit of NF-κB aggregated at nuceluses, which made Erythrine fluorescence of nuceluses much stronger than that of endochylema.

LPS 1μg·ml-1干预RAW264.7细胞后，激光共聚焦显微镜下观察结果显示，红染的NF-κB P65亚基聚集于细胞核，使胞核红色荧光明显强于胞浆。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。