细胞性

Abstract］ objective to study the pathological features and histopathological type and differential diagnosis of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.methods the clinicopathological characteristics of 40 cases of fnh were studied.all were evaluted by use of paraffin embedded sections and he staining before light microcope observation.results there were 28 females and 12 males fnh patients whose age were from 16 to 62 years（median 41.3）,all alpha-fetoprotein was negative and had no hepatitis history.25 cases were classic type showed characteristic central stellate fibrotic scar,composed of fibrous connestive tissue and tortuous blood vessels.8 cases were telangiectic type,the left were mixed type and adenomatoid type.conclusion fnh is a reactive proliferation of hepatic cells to local blood vessel anomalies,it is not realy a tumor.its differential diagnosis includes hepatic adenomatous hyperplasia nodule,hepatic anaplasia nodular hyperplasia,fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma.

目的 探讨肝局灶性结节性增生的病理形态特点、组织分型及鉴别诊断。方法分析40例肝局灶性结节性增生的临床资料，并采用石蜡包埋he染色光镜下观察其组织学特点。结果 40例肝局灶性结节性增生患者中，女28例，男12例，年龄18~62岁，平均年龄41.3岁，所有病例术前均无肝炎病史，甲胎蛋白阴性，组织学上25例为经典型，有特征性的中央纤维瘢痕，由纤维结缔组织及扭曲血管组成。8例为毛细血管扩张型，其余为混合型及腺瘤样增生型。结论肝结节性增生是一种肝细胞对局部血管的异常反应性增生，并非真性肿瘤，主要与肝腺瘤样增生性结节、肝间变性结节状增生、肝纤维板层癌及肝细胞腺瘤鉴别。

The present studies showed that two cell populations were found in haemocytes: large cell with high granularity and small cell with low granularity by flow cytometry FCM on light scanttering pattern. Two distinct cell types were identified based on phase contrast microscope: one type of cell was dark and dioptric aberration, while the other was bright and dioptric strong. By Giemsa and H.E staining, cytoplasmic staining were heterogeneous and internal particles were obvious in one type of cell, while cytoplastic staining were homogeneous and internal particles were inexistent in the other type of cell. By transmission electron microscope, we found that the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus organelles were rich and internal particles were obvious in one type of cells, and contrary to the another cells.

流式细胞术光散射图谱显示血细胞被分两类，一类为颗粒度高的大细胞，另外一类为颗粒度低的小细胞；相差显微镜观察显示，血细胞可分为胞体暗、折光性差和胞体明亮、折光性强的两类； Giemsa和H.E染色显示细胞分为胞质染色不均一、胞内颗粒明显和胞质染色均一、胞内颗粒不明显的两类；透射电镜超薄切片观察显示，颗粒明显的细胞胞质内线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器较丰富，颗粒不明显的细胞胞质内细胞器较少；负染结果表明血细胞主要分为表面不光滑、突起明显和细胞表面光滑、突起较不明显的两类。

Some of the cells were as followed:nuclus chromatins were side,nuclear type had several notches,nuclear membranes were clear. 4. The cells that are stained by 1% iodinate tritroche can be observed by fluorescence microscope: Control group:the conformation of nucleous is satiation and present a yellow red color of fluorescence. 1000 U/mlγ- IFN+1μmol/1 ATRA group: the nucleous of most cells are presenting karyopyknosis,becoming punctuate or massiveness and concentrating at one side of the cell to form crescent shape or granular shape.

进一步进行组间比较：实验组与对照组细胞相对抑制率差别均具有显著性(p=0.000＜0.01)。1000U／mlγ-IFN+0.1μmol／l ATRA组与1000 U／mlγ-IFN+0.5μmol／l ATRA组细胞相对抑制率差别无显著性(p=0.391＞0.05)。1000U／mlγ-IFN+1μmol／l ATRA组与1000U／mlγ-IFN+0.1μmol／l ATRA组、1000 U／mlγ-IFN+0.5μmol／l ATRA组细胞相对抑制率差异具有显著性(p=0.000＜0.01)；而与1000 U／mlγ-IFN+5μmol／l ATRA组、1000 U／mlγ-IFN+10μmol／l ATRA组细胞相对抑制率差异无显著性(p值分别为0.294，0.536＞0.05)。

Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains, the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai, the avirulent L. interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV, and the nonpathogenic L. biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ, respectively, and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min. The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index. Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection, and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

用三种不同毒力的钩体（致病性问号钩端螺旋体赖型有毒株Lai株、赖型无毒株IPAV株以及非致病性双曲钩端螺旋体Patoc型PatocⅠ株）分别感染体外培养的豚鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并分别于感染后0.5、1.5、3和6 h加入热灭活表皮葡萄球菌孵育30 min，通过计算巨噬细胞对灭活表皮葡萄球菌的吞噬率和吞噬指数，检测钩体对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；感染后3 h透射电镜观察巨噬细胞对钩体的吞噬、降解和细胞超微结构的变化；用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞对钩体的吞噬和巨噬细胞细胞骨架的变化。

The quantitive value of DNA was 1.82% and 1.92% respectively in nonembryonic cells and the embryonic; during bicellular stage, quadracellular stage and multicellular stage, content of DNA increase slowly, and reach the peak at pear-shap ed embryonic stage keep high level at mature embryonic stage.

非胚性细胞与胚性细胞期的量化值分别为1.82%和1.91%；在二细胞胚、四细胞胚、多细胞胚时期DNA缓慢增长，随着胚性愈伤组织的发育，DNA的含量在梨形胚时期达到高峰；成熟胚的DNA含量虽有所下降，但仍维持较高水平。

The quantitive value of DNA was 1.82%and 1.92%respectively in nonembryonic cells and the embryonic; during bicellular stage, quadracellular stage and multicellular stage, content of DNA increase slowly, and reach the peak at pear-shaped embryonic stage keep high level at mature embryonic stage.

非胚性细胞与胚性细胞期的量化值分别为1.82%和1.91%；在二细胞胚、四细胞胚、多细胞胚时期DNA缓慢增长，随着胚性愈伤组织的发育，DNA的含量在梨形胚时期达到高峰；成熟胚的DNA含量虽有所下降，但仍维持较高水平。

Results: The study showed that the earliest stromal nodules were fibrous, and with the dual differentiation of myofibroblasts toward both smooth muscle cells and fibrous cells, they developed into fibromyomatous nodules and muscular nodules. The results of reclassifying the 55 nodules immunohistochemically were that 23(42%) was fibrous, 28(51%) fibromuscular nodules and 4(7%) muscular.

结果：结合HE切片和免疫组化结果发现前列腺间质结节的早期为幼稚的纤维性结节，随着结节内肌纤维母细胞向平滑肌细胞和纤维细胞的双向分化，间质结节可继续演化为纤维肌性结节和肌性结节。55个结节按免疫组化分类，纤维性结节占42%，纤维肌性结节占51%，肌性结节占7%。

Results are as followed:1 Exposure of HELF cells to BP caused c-Jun activation,and increased the activity of MAPK,PI-3K,p53 and cyclin D1 pathway.2 BP-induced c-Jun activation was inhibited by dominant negative mutants of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase or c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase,but not by p38,impling that JNK and ERK pathways medicate c-Jun activation induced by BP.3 Overexpression of dominant-negative mutants PI-3K and Akt potently blocked phosphorylations of c-Jun and ERK,but not JNK in response to BP,suggesting that PI-3K/Akt pathway positively regulates BP-induced c-Jun activation through ERK.4 Inhibition of p53 by its chemical or molecular inhibitor markedly increased the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun,Akt and ERK upon BP stimulation,indicating that p53 negatively medicates BP-induced c-Jun activation through PI-3K/Akt/ERK pathway.5 The cell lines expressed TAM67 exhibits no significant affecting normal cell growth properties.6 TAM67 was able to significantly block G_1-S transition and subsequent cell proliferation,suggesting that c-Jun is essential for cell cycle alternations elicited by BP.7 Overexpression of TAM67 impaired BP-induced cyclin D1 activation,decreasing expression of E2F1 and pRb,indicating that c-Jun participates in the modulation of BP-induced activation of cyclin D1/pRb/E2F1 pathway.8 Stably expression of TAM67 led to the increases in the expression levels of p53 and p21,elevating phosphorylation level of p53,clearly indicating that c-Jun regulates p53/p21 pathway activation induced by BRCollectively,PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway mediated BP-induced c-Jun activation through p53-dependent mechanism.

结果显示：1BP刺激细胞可促进c-Jun活化，并伴随着MAPK、PI-3K、p53和cyclinD1通路各组成成分的活性增强。2利用MAPK通路的显性失活突变体分别阻断细胞外信号调节激酶和c-Jun氨基末端激酶活性，均可明显抑制BP诱导的c-Jun活化，但阻断p38活性对BP引起的c-Jun活化无明显影响，提示JNK和ERK通路参与调控BP诱导的c-Jun活化。3过表达PI-3K和Akt的显性失活突变体也可显著抑制BP诱导的c-Jun活化，并降低磷酸化ERK的表达水平，但对磷酸化JNK的表达水平无明显影响，说明PI-3K/Akt通路通过ERK正性调控了BP诱导的c-Jun活化。4p53的化学/分子抑制剂能使BP作用的细胞内c-Jun活性明显增加，并同时诱导Akt和ERK的磷酸化水平的升高，表明p53可通过PI-3K/Akt/ERK通路对BP诱导的c-Jun活化进行负性调控。5随后观察转染细胞的生长情况，发现TAM67对细胞正常生长和形态无明显影响。6稳定表达TAM67可有效抑制BP诱导的S期细胞数的增加，提示c-Jun在BP致细胞周期改变的过程中发挥了重要作用。7TAM67过表达能够抑制BP诱导的cyclin D1活化，降低磷酸化Rb以及E2F1蛋白表达水平，表明c-Jun参与调控BP诱导的cyclin D1/Rb/E2F1通路的活化。8过表达TAM67可使BP刺激的细胞中p53、p21总蛋白以及p53磷酸化的表达水平明显升高，可见c-Jun也参与调控BP诱导的p53/p21通路活化。

The expression changes of relating-apoptosis gene proteins (bcl-2, bax) were detected by immunohistochemistry before and after treating with the Agaricus Blazei Murill extract to explore the possible mechanisms of inducing apoptosis for MGC-803 cells in vitro. Results: The Agaricus Blazei Murill extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and the inhibitive effects were depended on the medicine concentration and treating times. After treating 24 hours on the gastric cancer cells with the morphologic changes of apoptosis with chromatin margination, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis were found by the light.

结果：(1)通过细胞培养和MTT法，表明长白山姬松茸在体外对MGC-803细胞株有明显的抑制作用，加药组与对照组相比其生长抑制率有显著性差异(P＜0.01)，而且这种抑制作用呈现浓度和时间的依赖性；(2)通过集落形成率的测定结果表明，加药组与对照组相比其集落形成率和集落形成抑制率有明显差异(P＜0.01)，说明长白山姬松茸对MGC-803胃癌细胞株有明显抗增殖作用；(3)光镜观察结果表明，加药组可见细胞脱水浓缩伊红染色增强，胞体缩小，内含高度浓缩的胞核呈深蓝色等典型细胞凋亡形态；经AO／EB荧光染色观察结果表明，当终浓度为1.0mg／ml的姬松茸提取物作用于MGC-803胃癌细胞24h后，其凋亡率和破膜率与自然凋亡率与破膜率相比，均有显著性差异，其凋亡率86.3％(P＜0.001)，破膜率为41.6％(P＜0.01)，说明姬松茸确实有诱导MGC-803胃癌细胞凋亡的作用，同时也有细胞毒作用，但以诱导细胞凋亡为主；(4)免疫组化结果表明，用药前后凋亡相关基因的BCl-2、Bax蛋白均有显著性的改变(P＜0.001)。

Results: There were normal appearances of the morphology, volume and microscopic demonstration of both right and left hepatic lobes in sham-operating control group. In HA+PV group, hepatic right lobes were coagulatively necrosed. There was necrosis of liver cells in each sub-groups, accompanying with a few apoptic cells in the 3h sub-group. Along with the time extending, necrotic cells were increasing, and apoptic cells were decreasing. Necrosis in right lobes was at the most at 72h group.

结果：假手术对照组肝左右叶形态、体积以及各种病理学检查均未见异常；HA+PV组术后肝右叶发生凝固性坏死，3h即可见点片状肝细胞坏死，内见少量凋亡细胞，随时间延长，凋亡细胞减少，坏死细胞增多，至72h坏死更加彻底：PV组术后24h肝右叶萎缩，电镜及TUNEL均显示3h组织内可见凋亡细胞，至24h凋亡细胞数达高峰，72h凋亡细胞减少，出现局灶性坏死。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。