细胞学的

The genetic diversity were comprehensive analyzed in this project through comparative study with the growth rhythm, morphology, palynology,cytology and chemical ingredients of 16 populations of pinellia ternata, which were collected from all around the country, applied computer techniques to analysis the DNA amplification electrophoresis chromatogram of 10 populations of pinellia ternata as well. The genetic relationship of the nature populations in different ecological region are confirmed. Populations of Pinellia ternata were classified on internal species.

本项目通过对从全国各地收集的16个半夏居群间的生长节律、形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、化学及其中10个半夏居群的DNA片断扩增后的电泳图谱比较研究及计算机数据分析技术，对半夏的遗传多样性进行综合分析，初步确定了我国不同生态区半夏各自然居群的遗传关系，划分了种以下单位。

The research advances in genetic relationships of peach germplasm, including the morphologic, cytology, palynology, biochemistry and DNA molecular markers, were reviewed in this paper. The actuality, prospect and urgent problems of peach germplasm resources were also discussed. To further study the genetic relationships of wildness, sib wildness and cultivar groups of peach, we may resort on genetic markers and DNA sequence analysis in addition to morphological characters.

本文从形态学、细胞学、孢粉学、生物化学及DNA分子标记等几个方面综述了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进展，探讨了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究现状、前景及尚需解决的问题，并就进一步开展桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进行了分析，提出桃种质野生种、近缘野生种厦不同栽培品种群间的分子系统学关系是今后研究的重点。

The research of cytology shows that there are dramatically morphological and structure changes in the leaf: the cells of mesophyll array loosely and parenchyma cells reduced, cambium becomes thinner and degree of xylem becomes more serious, the content of chlorophyll dropped; the changes of conducting tissue and stoma structure affect transport and allocation of water and nutrient, hinder leaf growth and disturb regular metabolism of leaf, at last lead to wilt, rot and become crisp papyraceous.

细胞学研究表明，病叶组织的叶肉细胞排列疏松，薄壁细胞层次减少，形成层变薄，木质化程度加深，叶绿体减少；在病叶中由于疏导组织和气孔的结构发生变化，影响养分和水分在植株体内的运输和分配，干扰叶片的正常代谢，抑制叶片的生长发育，最终导致叶片失水萎缩、干枯，变为焦脆的干纸状。

In the recent 20 years,evidences have proved that endothelial cell barrier function and vascular permeability depend on the endothelial morphologic changes and the formation of intercellular gap. It is thought that change of endothelial contractility is the last congenerous pathway of different signal transduction in permeability changes.

近二十多年来从细胞学水平的研究已证明，内皮细胞形态变化和细胞间缝隙的形成决定了内皮细胞的屏障功能和血管的通透性，内皮细胞收缩性的改变被认为是不同的信号机制导致通透性变化的最后共同通路。

The results showed that karyotypic type of Ya01-21was 2n=104＝100m+4sm（4SAT）, Chromosome length ratio of the longest and the shortest 4.25, the average arm-ratio 1.35, belonging to 2C type of chromosome. Molecule identified combine with chromosome studied indicated that Ya01-21 was a progenies of Erianthus arundinaceum. following the law of n+n; ITS identify showed that Ya01-21 is a progenies of Erianthus arundinaceum, the somatic chromosome karyotypic type of Ya01-36 was 2n=132＝130m+2sm, Chromosome length ratio of the longest and the shortest 3.94, the average arm-ratio 1.27, belonging to 2B type of chromosome, combining the advance of characters the law of 2n+n can be resumed.

研究结果表明，崖城01－21的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝104＝100m+4sm（4SAT），最长与最短染色体的长度比为4.25，平均臂比1.35，染色体属2C型，分子鉴定结合细胞学研究认为其为斑茅的真实后代，其染色体遗传为n+n；崖城01－36经ITS签定为真实杂种，其体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝132＝130m+2sm，最长与最短染色体的长度比为3.94，平均臂比1.27，染色体属2B型，结合其性状的进展，推断亲本向其传递染色体可能以2n+n的方式进行。

Methods Two hundred and twenty four cases of FNAC of breast benign diseases(48 fibrocystic disease and 176 fibroadenoma) which had a follow-up operation and a histopathologic diagnosis as the final diagnosis were reviewed and analyzed by a step-wise logistic regression.

运用Logistic多重回归模型的统计分析方法，对 2 2 4例有活检证实的乳腺FNAC的良性病变(4 8例纤维囊性乳腺病和 176例纤维腺瘤)的5 4个细胞学指标进行分析，指标的评价采用 0～ 3+的分级评价方式。

In this paper, we review recent advances on mucilaginous seeds, with emphasis on （1） chemical composition of seed mucilage;（2） morphological characteristics of mucilaginous seed coats and mucilage;（3） biochemical processes in and genetic regulation of differentiation of mucilage-secreting cells, mucilage biosynthesis and mucilage secretion in the seed coat; and （4） ecological significance of seed mucilage.

为此，在广泛查阅相关文献的基础上，该文综合分析了国内外种子粘液的研究进展，并重点探讨了以下几方面问题：（1）种子粘液的化学成分：（2）粘液及粘液种皮的形态特征：（3）粘液细胞分化与粘液生物合成的细胞学及基因调控机制以及粘液的释放方式：（4）种子粘液的生态学意义。

In order to obtain viable tetraploids, which remains a major challenge worldwide, research on spindle organization and chromosome behavior was carried out mainly in zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri, a typical commercially important species which is being cultured in North China Sea. Immunofluorescent technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy has been developed for observation of both microtubule organization and chromosome segregation. Orcein squash method was also used for chromosome observation. A series of complicated configurations of the meiotic spindle and associated patterns of chromosome segregation, including tripolar and seperated bipolar segregation, were found in developing eggs following the inhibition of the first polar body.

为了攻克可存活四倍体人工培育技术的国际性研究难题，本研究选取了我国北方海区的典型经济贝类栉孔扇贝为主要研究对象，建立了一套免疫荧光染色和激光扫描共聚焦显微技术，结合使用染色体地衣红压片观察技术，对第一极体受抑制的受精卵的减数分裂纺锤体装配、染色体分离动态进行了研究，发现了一系列特殊的纺锤体装配及相应的染色体分离行为，包括三极分离、独立二极分离等分离类型，从亚细胞水平上阐明了四倍体形成的细胞学机理。

In most cases, the diagnoses were based on the histopathologic examination of tissue obtained via laparotomy (7 patients, including 3 for failed medical treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, 3 with assumed mucinous ovarian tumors, and 1 with an ovarian tumor) or peritoneoscopy (6 patients); cytologic examinations diagnosed TB for the others (3 patients).

大多数病例的诊断是基于剖腹手术（7例，包括3例按盆腔感染治疗失败的病人，3例怀疑粘连性卵巢肿瘤病人和1例怀疑卵巢肿瘤的病人）或腹腔镜（6例）所获取组织的病理学检查，另外3例的诊断是根据细胞学检查诊断TB的。10例病人中，4例先前有肺TB，3例子宫内膜TB。

In most cases, the diagnoses were based on the histopathologic examination of tissue obtained via laparotomy (7 patients, including 3 for failed medical treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, 3 with assumed mucinous ovarian tumors, and 1 with an ovarian tumor) or peritoneoscopy (6 patients); cytologic examinations diagnosed TB for the others (3 patients).

大部分数病例的诊断是基于剖腹手术（7例，包括3例按骨盆内部空腔感染治疗掉败的病人，3例怀疑粘连性卵巢肿瘤病人和1例怀疑卵巢肿瘤的病人）或腹腔镜（6例）所获取组织的病理学检查，另外3例的诊断是根据细胞学检查诊断TB的。10例病人中，4例先前有肺TB，3例子宫内膜TB。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。