细胞学的

Methods From March to October of 2007, 980 cases of outpatients were performed the early screening of cervical cancer by Hong Xiang cell smearing (n=489) and Thinprep cytological test (TCT,n=491), respectively, in which 167 cases underwent biopsy under colposcope according to the cytological examination results or clinical characteristics.

2007年3～10月，对980例患者分别采用Hong Xiang细胞学检测系统(489例)和新柏氏薄层细胞学检测系统(TCT，491例)进行宫颈病变的早期筛查，对167例(Hong Xiang 82例，TCT 85例)细胞学阳性或临床可疑的患者行阴道镜下活组织检查。

When EMS was applied, it was found that 2.0% EMS resulted the highest microkernel rate (15.6‰). Treating the materials with 2.0% EMS for 4 hours could lead to semi-lethal. Cytological observations found that chromosome aberration phenomena such as single microkernel, double microkernel, three microkernel, chromosome bridge, resort chromosome and syncytium were presented in the mutants.

EMS诱变途径中，浓度为2.0 %处理时间为4 h的组合获得最高的微核率（15.6‰），EMS浓度为2.0 %处理时间为4 h的组合使材料达到半致死；细胞学的观察看到了单微核、双微核、三微核、染色体桥、滞留染色体和合胞体等染色体畸变现象，再生苗中发现了1棵变异株。60Co辐射的诱变途径中，20Gy的剂量使不定芽半致死，再生苗中发现了1棵变异株。

Two mode of plastid inheritance, uniparental maternal and biparental inheritance, were discovered in angiosperms at the beginning of this contury, and our knowledge of the mode and cytological basis of cytoplasmic inheritance, esp. plastid, has been improved in many respects following the new cytological and molecular techniques, eg. electron microscopy, DNA fluorescence and RFLP.

近几年由于电镜、DNA的荧光检测及RFLP等新的细胞学和分子生物学技术的发展，使对植物细胞质遗传形式及其细胞学基础有了一定的了解，但多是单一的方法或对雌、雄配子发生、发育个别发育时期研究的结果，对大部分植物种的质体遗传方式或细胞学基础仍不清楚，在有些植物种间应用不同的研究方法得出的结论也不一致。

Since there were 10 more unscreened cancer patients and 5 more cervical cancer deaths in the cytology arm than in the HPV arm and since these unscreened cancer patients predictably had higher rates of cervical cancer, more advanced stages, and less favorable outcomes, the net effect of the inclusion of the larger number of unscreened cervical cancer patients in the cytology arm was to make the cytology arm appear more like the unscreened control arm of the study.

由于在细胞学组中有10个未筛查的宫颈癌病人和5个宫颈癌死亡者，高于 HPV 组，同时因这些未筛查的宫颈癌病人预期有较高的宫颈癌发生率，更加进展的临床分期和较差的预后，因而大量未筛查的宫颈癌病人在细胞学组中，这样结果的净效应是细胞学组更像本研究中未筛查对照组。

Exfoliated cells from nasoparynx of patients with definite or suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined for EBNA by anticomplement immunoenzymatic method.

本文用抗补体免疫酶法检查鼻咽部脱落细胞的EBNA，结果①79例鼻咽癌病人全部阳性，其阳性检出率比细胞学(87.3％)和组织学(91.1％)方法高；②4例初次检查EBNA阳性，但细胞学和组织学阴性者，3个月内复查也找到癌细胞；③18例头颈部其他肿瘤病人和21例胎儿全部阴性，并为细胞学和组织学方法所证实。

This book comprehensively and systemically expounds the basic theoretical knowledge of clinical cytology and new techniques of cytological diagnosis, and elaborates the essentials and characteristics of clinical pathology, cytological diagnosis of various lumps of the head and neck in Chinese-English bilingually.

本书较全面和系统地论述了临床细胞学基础理论知识和细胞学诊断新技术，同时以汉英对照形式分别阐述了各种头颈部肿块病变的临床病理、细胞学诊断要点和特征。

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the precise subthreshold power setting of TTT and chorioretinal alteration both in morphological and histological aspects. Expression of heat shock protein and apoptosis induced by TTT were also studied.

目的 以经瞳孔温热疗法（Transpupillary Thermotherapy，TTT）为例，研究阈下功率的精确设置与眼底形态学、组织细胞学的相对应关系，以及TTT所引起的热休克蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的规律，为临床所需的阈下精细参数选择提供实验依据。

The result showed that the polarization of populations and gene fluxes are different in different species. The polarization and gene fluxes of populations of 3 Nitavias are lower except N. sphaerocarpa. The heredity coherence of each population is change from 0.8561 to 0.9694. The polarization in the populations is low, and they have the together ancestor. This is similar to morphology and cytology result, so RAPD is a useful supple mentary method in assessing genetic relationship among Nitraria species.

结果表明：白刺属植物的遗传分化程度和基因流因种而异，除球果白刺以外，其余3种白刺的种群间有很大的基因流，其遗传一致度在0.8561~0.9694之间，而种间遗传分化程度较低，故4种白刺有着相近的祖先，这与形态学和细胞学的分析结果一致，说明RAPD分析方法可从分子生物学角度为白刺属植物的系统学分类提供更为有利和可靠的证据。

By removed ovary culture after positive and negative hybridization, produced interspecific hybridization, and have improved the hybrid seed through removed ovary culture and induced to shoot by culture medium MS, and produced hybrid F1, the plant of Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, the advantage characteristic of hybrid plant is similar to female nature;By cytology authenticating, chromosome number of F1 young flower bud cell (2n=28), it is the sum of monoploid chromosome number of female parent Brassica junce(2n=36) and male parent B.pekinesis(2n=20); The hybridization to Brassica junce×B.pekinesis, and embryonic bud come from removed ovary culture, and it found another form of plant embryo saving.

以芸薹属植物芥菜型油菜和白菜为研究对象，对其进行常规正反杂交后子房的离体培养，通过离体子房培养获得的杂种种子经MS培养基诱导成苗，获得了芥菜型油菜与白菜的杂种F1代植株，表现出杂种优势；通过细胞学的方法，鉴定了杂种F1幼蕾体的细胞染色体数为2n=28，为母本芥菜型油菜（2n=36）和父本白菜（2n=20）的单倍体染色体数之和；芥菜型油菜与白菜常规杂交后，经离体子房培养获得了&胚性芽&，确立了植物胚挽救的另一种形式。

Only 7% of ascitic fluid cytologies are positive50 yet cytological examination is 60–90% accurate in the diagnosis of malignant ascites, especially when several hundred millilitres of fluid is tested and concentration techniques are used.12 Clinicians should liaise with their local cytology department to discuss fluid requirements before paracentesis.

只有7％的腹水细胞学检查阳性50，不过在恶性腹水的诊断中细胞学检查准确率达60-90％，尤其是当腹水检测量达数千ml并且应用浓缩技术时。12在腹穿进行前临床医生应该与本地细胞学实验室保持联络以讨论所需要的腹水量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。