细胞学

Results of the 621 patients, 388 were identified to have ASCUS, 147 had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 75 had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 11 had squamous cell carcinomas.

结果 将细胞学结果与组织学结果作对比分析，细胞学异常的621例样本中ASCUS 388例，低度鳞状上皮内瘤变147例，高度鳞状上皮内瘤变75例，鳞状上皮细胞癌11。

The publication of this book will undoubtedly make great contribution to the field of clinical cytology in our country.

随着临床细胞学领域的不断扩展和深入，其相关疾病的细胞学理论基础和技术也在不断更新，该书的出版无疑为国内临床细胞学术界作出了重要贡献。

Methods From March to October of 2007, 980 cases of outpatients were performed the early screening of cervical cancer by Hong Xiang cell smearing (n=489) and Thinprep cytological test (TCT,n=491), respectively, in which 167 cases underwent biopsy under colposcope according to the cytological examination results or clinical characteristics.

2007年3～10月，对980例患者分别采用Hong Xiang细胞学检测系统(489例)和新柏氏薄层细胞学检测系统(TCT，491例)进行宫颈病变的早期筛查，对167例(Hong Xiang 82例，TCT 85例)细胞学阳性或临床可疑的患者行阴道镜下活组织检查。

Two mode of plastid inheritance, uniparental maternal and biparental inheritance, were discovered in angiosperms at the beginning of this contury, and our knowledge of the mode and cytological basis of cytoplasmic inheritance, esp. plastid, has been improved in many respects following the new cytological and molecular techniques, eg. electron microscopy, DNA fluorescence and RFLP.

近几年由于电镜、DNA的荧光检测及RFLP等新的细胞学和分子生物学技术的发展，使对植物细胞质遗传形式及其细胞学基础有了一定的了解，但多是单一的方法或对雌、雄配子发生、发育个别发育时期研究的结果，对大部分植物种的质体遗传方式或细胞学基础仍不清楚，在有些植物种间应用不同的研究方法得出的结论也不一致。

Since there were 10 more unscreened cancer patients and 5 more cervical cancer deaths in the cytology arm than in the HPV arm and since these unscreened cancer patients predictably had higher rates of cervical cancer, more advanced stages, and less favorable outcomes, the net effect of the inclusion of the larger number of unscreened cervical cancer patients in the cytology arm was to make the cytology arm appear more like the unscreened control arm of the study.

由于在细胞学组中有10个未筛查的宫颈癌病人和5个宫颈癌死亡者，高于 HPV 组，同时因这些未筛查的宫颈癌病人预期有较高的宫颈癌发生率，更加进展的临床分期和较差的预后，因而大量未筛查的宫颈癌病人在细胞学组中，这样结果的净效应是细胞学组更像本研究中未筛查对照组。

Exfoliated cells from nasoparynx of patients with definite or suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined for EBNA by anticomplement immunoenzymatic method.

本文用抗补体免疫酶法检查鼻咽部脱落细胞的EBNA，结果①79例鼻咽癌病人全部阳性，其阳性检出率比细胞学(87.3％)和组织学(91.1％)方法高；②4例初次检查EBNA阳性，但细胞学和组织学阴性者，3个月内复查也找到癌细胞；③18例头颈部其他肿瘤病人和21例胎儿全部阴性，并为细胞学和组织学方法所证实。

This book comprehensively and systemically expounds the basic theoretical knowledge of clinical cytology and new techniques of cytological diagnosis, and elaborates the essentials and characteristics of clinical pathology, cytological diagnosis of various lumps of the head and neck in Chinese-English bilingually.

本书较全面和系统地论述了临床细胞学基础理论知识和细胞学诊断新技术，同时以汉英对照形式分别阐述了各种头颈部肿块病变的临床病理、细胞学诊断要点和特征。

Psammoma bodies are less frequently found at cytological examination from ne-needle aspiration. Their nding in cytological preparations, however, strongly suggests malignancy, in particular, papillary thyroid carcinoma, although they are an unreliable predictor of this tumor in the absence of the other typical cytological features, such as nuclear grooves,micronucleoli, and true papillae .

沙砾体是不经常从细胞学检查细针穿刺发现，虽然肿瘤在没有其他典型的细胞学特征，如核沟槽，微核仁，和真正的乳头时，他们是不可靠的预测，但是细胞学的发现强烈暗示恶性肿瘤，特别是乳头状甲状腺癌。

There is not a significant difference in these groups by one-way analysis of variance. 2 Among 51 cases with lung cancer, 7 specimens showed malignant cells in bronchial lavages, including 4 cases in central lung cancer and 3 cases in peripheral lung cancer. Concordant results were observed in 20 cases. 6 specimens showed malignant cells on cytological analysis, and NMSP was positive in at least one gene tested. 14 samples did not show malignant cells on cytological analysis, and the NMSP results were correspondingly negative. The results of cytology and NMSP were discordant in 31 samples. 30 samples were cytologically negative, but NMSP positive in one or more genes. In addition, there was one case that the cytology was positive for malignant cells, but the NMSP was negative in all of the three gene tested.

51例肺癌患者支气管灌洗液细胞学检查发现肺癌细胞7例，其中27例中心型肺癌患者4例支气管灌洗液发现肺癌细胞，24例周围型肺癌患者3例支气管灌洗液发现肺癌细胞。20例支气管灌洗液细胞学检查和过甲基化检测得到一致结论。6例支气管灌洗液发现肿瘤细胞，过甲基化分析至少一个基因阳性。14例灌洗液未发现肿瘤细胞，三个基因过甲基化分析均为阴性。31例支气管灌洗液细胞学检查和过甲基化检测得到不一致结论，30例细胞学检查为阴性，但过甲基化分析一个或一个以上基因为阳性。1例细胞学检查阳性但过甲基化分析阴性。

Only 7% of ascitic fluid cytologies are positive50 yet cytological examination is 60–90% accurate in the diagnosis of malignant ascites, especially when several hundred millilitres of fluid is tested and concentration techniques are used.12 Clinicians should liaise with their local cytology department to discuss fluid requirements before paracentesis.

只有7％的腹水细胞学检查阳性50，不过在恶性腹水的诊断中细胞学检查准确率达60-90％，尤其是当腹水检测量达数千ml并且应用浓缩技术时。12在腹穿进行前临床医生应该与本地细胞学实验室保持联络以讨论所需要的腹水量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。