细胞外的

HarpinPss can also induce the release of active oxygen and extracellular alkalinization, two early defence responses in tobacco suspension culture.

Harpin_还可引起烟草悬浮细胞活性氧的释放和胞外碱性化这两个早期防卫反应。

Extracellular acidification ( pH 6.81 ) and alkalinization ( pH 8.1 ) suppressed the ability of ketamine to inhibit the NMDA-caused firing rate raise and depolarization in LC neurons.

当细胞外酸化及碱化时会抑制ketamine拮抗NMDA的药效。

AIM:The amnion is a kind of natural extracellular matrix, which has low antigenicity and small reject reaction.

目的：羊膜是一种天然的细胞外基质，具有抗原性低、排异反应小特点。

MMP9 and collagen Ⅳ both expressed in basement membrane.

MMP9和Ⅳ型胶原主要表达于细胞外基质中的基底膜上。

The decrease of MMP-1,3 was one of reasons that the specific extracellular matrix of chondrocyte differentiation increased.

MMP-1，3分泌量减少是导致其成软骨分化特异性细胞外基质增多的原因之一。

BILE DUCTULE - Microscopic bile duct that collects bile from lier cells and deliers it to the large bile duct outside the lier.

胆小管——微小胆管，从肝细胞收集胆汁，并传送到肝外的大胆管。

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vector making them have multi-function—the ability to maintain stability outside of cell、the ability of cell entrance、the ability of endosome escape and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing, at last, we highlight the main challenges that remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的四种基本功能——在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能、进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，最后本文总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase is a universal cell membrane protein in higher eukaryotic cells which mediates the anti-concentration gradient exchange of intracellular Na+ for extracellular K+. It plays essential metabolic roles such as maintaining sodium and potassium ion gradients across the plasma membrane. The targeted sequences were amplified by PCR to determine the genome structure of the hithertofore unsequenced portion of the alpha 1 subunit of the human Na-KExchanging ATPase gene which encodes 80-130 aa of its extracellular domain using two different templates, human genomic DNA and a human muscle cDNA library. The PCR products were analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and then cloned into a plasmid vector for chemiluminescence sequencing and further analysis.

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase是一种普遍存在于高等生物体内的细胞膜蛋白，主要参与介导K+和Na+在细胞内外之间的逆浓度梯度的转运，并维持一定细胞内外的离子梯度，我们采用聚合酶链式反应方法分别以人基因组DNA及cDNA文库为模板对人Na-K-Exchanging ATPaseα1亚单位基因胞外区约80-130位氨基酸编码序列进行扩增，限制性酶切分析扩增产物，并进行荧光测序，对测序结果进行同源性分析及剪接位点的搜索并对得到的核苷酸序列进行进一步的分析，发现人基因组DNA和cDNA经过扩增后分别得到833bp和195bp两种不同大小的片段Fg，Fc。

Mechanical strains also regulated the protein and mRNA expression of several differentiation markers, as well as the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 MAP kinase and protein kinase B in a frequency-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of p38 pathway could block the strain-frequency induced the phenotype modulation of VSMCs, neither ERKs nor Akt. Frequency of mechanical strain, not conditioned medium, regulated the phenotype of VSMCs in a frequency-dependent manner. Rho-GDI alpha was suppressed by the mechanical strain at 1Hz.

采用免疫细胞化学法检测VSMCs形态和排列的变化；RT-PCR和Western blotting检测表型标志分子α-肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白重链(SM1/2)、肌动蛋白相关蛋白SM22α和调宁蛋白(h1-calponin)的mRNA和蛋白水平的变化；抑制剂或RNA干扰阻断可能的信号调节分子的活性或表达，包括p38、细胞外信号调节激酶1/(2extracellular signal-regulated kinases， ERK1/2)、蛋白激酶B和Rho-鸟苷酸解离抑制因子(Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor， Rho-GDI alpha)，研究了不同频率张应变对VSMCs表型转化的影响及其调节机制。

Circulating nucleic acids are extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free serum, plasma and other body fluids from healthy subjects as well as in patients. The ability to detect and quantitate specific DNA and RNA sequences has opened up the possibility of diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, especially in the field of cancer.

循环核酸(circulating nucleic acid， CNA)是指存在于血液等体液中的细胞外游离DNA和RNA，与生理和病理状态下的细胞代谢密切相关，循环DNA和RNA水平的检测及其在基因诊断等方面的应用对于恶性肿瘤等疾病的诊断和监测具有十分重要的意义。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。