细胞坏死

The expression of CTGF and TNF-αweredetected by immunochemistry and the number of Clara Cells was calculated.

光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化，采用免疫组化染色观察肺组织中结缔组织生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达和Clara细胞的数量。

By clinic observation and study we recognize that this theory is inconsequent to clinical pathology.

通过多年的临床观察和研究我们发现这一理论可能存在与临床病理变化不一致的方面，为此我们提出扩张型心肌病的基因缺陷、感染和自身免疫等因素首先导致心脏骨架结构的损害和扩大，进而发生心肌细胞的变性、坏死和纤维化过程，最后导致心功能降低和心力衰竭。

Now clinical treating methods mainly depend on theoretic foundation of heart expanding and failure causing by cardiac denaturation, necrosis and fibrosis leading by gene defect, virus infection and self-immunity et cetera. By clinic observation and study we recognize that this theory is inconsequent to clinical pathology.

通过多年的临床观察和研究我们发现这一理论可能存在与临床病理变化不一致的方面，为此我们提出扩张型心肌病的基因缺陷、感染和自身免疫等因素首先导致心脏骨架结构的损害和扩大，进而发生心肌细胞的变性、坏死和纤维化过程，最后导致心功能降低和心力衰竭。

Methods The clinical and histopathologic symptoms of two patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder were macrohematuria and vesical irritability. Cystoscopy showed the carcinoma was solid tumor with necrotic tissue on the surface. Sarcomatoid carcinoma was mainly composed of transitional epithelial cancer cells and malignant mesenchymal cells (spindle cells and polymorphic cells), with a transitional region of interlacement of these cells. Immunohistochemical testing showed the cells were positive for cytokeratin, c arcinoembryonic antigen and smooth muscle actin.

分析2例膀胱肉瘤样癌患者的临床资料并结合文献进行讨论。2例患者均有肉眼血尿或伴有膀胱刺激症，膀胱镜检查为实体瘤，表面有坏死组织；病理表现，肿瘤主要由移行上皮癌细胞和恶性间叶细胞组成，之间可见移行过渡；免疫组化CK、CEA、SMA。

Results In the ANCA negative group, 2 cases were without malignant hypertension ,1 was acute tubular necrosis caused by herbs, 6 were scleroderma renal crisis, including 4 with renal biopsy, indicating hypertrophic arterial media, edema, thickened intima, onion- skin lesion in interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles, as well as ischemic lesion in glomeruli.

结果 11 例SSc急性肾损伤患者中，ANCA阴性9 例，6 例临床表现为硬皮病肾危象，其中4 例肾活检示小叶间动脉和入球小动脉内皮细胞增生、肿胀，内膜黏液性水肿，内弹力纤维断裂，"洋葱皮样"改变和肾小球弥漫性缺血；无恶性高血压表现2 例；急性肾小管坏死1 例。

Newborn Balb/c mice were infected intracranially with CVB3 (10〓). Indirect immunofluorescent staining approved the infection. We monitored daily for overt signs of infection and pathological changes (nervous cell necrosis, edema, etc). The most severe signs and pathologic changes happened at the third day postinfection.

本实验又选用日龄为2-3天的新生Balb/c小鼠，以10〓CVB3标准株颅内接种，逐日观察CVB3引致小鼠脑组织感染的病理改变及症状一周，并以间接免疫荧光法证实小鼠脑内感染确立，结果显示：10〓CVB3导致小鼠颅内感染成立；小鼠出现明显的症状体征；组织学呈现明显的神经细胞变性、坏死及细胞内、外严重水肿，且以第三天为最重。

Results: 9 cases were all peripheral venipuncture patients. Before treatment, they were infused with hypertonic liquid, or treated with drugs that could produce damage to cardiovascular endothelium. The infusions were Sodium Bicarbonate 5% amino acid, Potassium Chloride and Dopamine et al. Clinical manifestation were damaged part with pain, intumesce, skin temperature decreased locally, or small vesiculation in epidermis, more severely, skin ulcerated, exudation, necrosis. No disability was seen after discharge.

结果：9例病人均为周围静脉穿刺输液患者，事前曾接受过输入高渗液体，或对血管内皮细胞产生损伤作用的药物治疗，输入液体种类依次为5%碳酸氢钠、氨基酸、氯化钾及多巴胺等；主要临床表现为患处疼痛、肿胀、局部皮温下降，或有表皮小水疱形成，严重者皮肤溃烂、渗出、坏死，经综合治疗痊愈出院，未留残疾。

Results Ten categories of cytologic features found in the smear of osseous tumors were pleomorphic giant nuclear cell (91.3%), obvious nucleoli(69.5%),mononuclear gaint cell(76%), multinuclear gaint cell(65.2%),karyokinesis(36.9%), hemorrhage and necrosis(93.4%).

结果：观察到骨肿瘤中有关 10种细胞学改变：骨肉瘤涂片中，多形性大核细胞（91.3%），核仁明显（69.5%），单核瘤巨细胞（76%），多核瘤巨细胞（65.2%），核分裂象（36.9%），出血、坏死（93.4%）。

The pale brown-yellow pigment is lipochrome that has accumulated as the atrophic and dying cells undergo autophagocytosis.

萎缩的和将坏死的细胞自溶使得棕黄色的脂色素斑块堆积。

The light brown pigment seen here in the necrotic hepatocytes around the central vein is lipochrome.

图中中央静脉周围坏死肝细胞中的浅褐色色素为脂褐素。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。