细胞囊

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

Then the tissue and blood samples were obtained and measured.Result: In the muscovite group,restored mucosa thickness increased,cystically dilated glands decreased,microvessels in connective tissue increased,the secretion of mucus,hexosamine, PGE2,EGF,bFGF were enhanced,and the express of EGFR was stronger.

结果：经云母治疗后，大鼠再生黏膜厚度增加、囊状扩张腺体数目减少，肉芽组织炎症细胞浸润数量减少、微血管数量增加、胶原面积增加，黏膜中性黏液和氨基己糖分泌增多，血浆PGE2，EGF分泌增多，免疫组化染色中黏膜局部EGFR，bFGF阳性细胞表达增强。

Results: The lower ulcer index and increased ulcer inhibition rate were observed in OME and OME + TEP groups. In TEP and OME + TEP groups, restored mucosa thickness increased, cystically dilated glands decreased, microvessels in connective tissue increased, the secretion of mucus, hexosamine, PGE2, bFGF were enhanced, the expression of EGFR was increased.

替普瑞酮组和联合治疗组大鼠再生黏膜厚度增加、囊状扩张腺体数目减少，肉芽组织炎症细胞浸润数量减少、令微血管数量增加、胶原面积增加，黏膜中性黏液和氨基己糖分泌增多，血浆PGE2分泌增多，免疫组化染色中黏膜局部EGFR、bFGF阳性细胞表达增强。

Results The intramural capillary lymphatics of rat's rectum were observed in deep lamina propria of tunica membrane and the dermal papilla layer of anal pectin. The intramural capillary lymphatics and lymphatics were both observed in tela submucosa, reticular layer, hypodermis and intermuscular and serosa. The capillary lymphatics in rectums' wall have the similar ultrastructure feature to normal ones. Three kinds of endothelial cells junctions are overlapping junctions, embedding-junctions and end to-end-type junctions. About 21% of cell-junctions are opening types. There are normal organelles and many vesicals in the endothelial of capillary lymphatics.

结果 直肠壁内的毛细淋巴管见於黏膜固有层深部和肛梳区真皮乳头层；在黏膜下层和肛梳区的网状层、皮下组织以及肌层和浆膜层内均有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管，直肠壁内毛细淋巴管的超微结构具有一般毛细淋巴管超微结构的特点，内皮细胞连接有重叠、嵌插和端端连接3种类型，处於开放状态约占21%；胞质内含有一般的细胞器，幷含有大量的囊泡。

The expression of CD44 was strong positive in stratum intermedium at the bell of differetiational stage, bell of secretory stage, and bell of maturative stage of mouse tooth germ.

在钟状期CD44在口腔上皮、牙板上皮强阳性表达；外釉上皮、星网状层、成牙本质细胞弱阳性表达；分泌期的成釉细胞和牙囊阳性表达。

On the right is a chromophobe carcinoma, and on the left, a multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma.

右边的是嫌色细胞癌，左边的是多房囊性肾细胞癌。

Multilocular renal cell carcinoma has aggregates of clear cells within the septae dividing cystic spaces.

多房性肾细胞癌的囊内有透明细胞的聚集，其间有分隔。

The sexual organ coefficents were calculated. Results: The high dose of osthole significantly increased the level of serum testosterone in the reproduction system disturbance mice and increased significantly the AR positive cells percentage of peritubular myoid cells. The low and high doses of osthole significantly increased the coefficients of seminal vesicle.

结果：蛇床子素高剂量可显著升高环磷酰胺致生殖系统损伤雄性小鼠血清中睾酮的含量(P.05)，免疫组化结果显示，高剂量可增加睾丸肌样细胞AR阳性细胞表达百分率，高、低剂量可增加精液囊的脏器系数。

The expression of subunits α5,β1,β3 was detected in normal morulas and increased in blastocysts. The expression of subunit α1 was not detected in morulas or blastocysts, but detected only in outgrowing trophocytes. 3. Expression of integrin β3 in irradiated group embryos was weaker than that of normal group. There was no expression of integrin α1 both in morulas and blastocysts in irradiated group and no difference in the expression of subunits α5 and β1 between these two groups.

结果：1、超声波照射组胚胎贴附率、滋养细胞外延生长率均显著低于正常胚胎。2、正常胚胎桑椹胚期即有α5、β1、β3整合素表达，而无α1表达；囊胚期α5、β1、β3表达增强，仍无α1表达；α1只出现在外延生长的滋养细胞。3、超声波照射组胚胎β3整合素的表达明显弱于正常组，且未见α1表达；而α5、β1的表达两组间无差异。

Accumulated studies have found that the tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in tumor tissues such as ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma overexpress B7-H4 molecules.

越来越多的研究发现，在肿瘤组织如卵巢癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、肾癌和腺样囊性癌等的肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤相关巨噬细胞中异常高表达B7-H4分子。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。