细胞囊

The results showed:(1) the cellule morphous and the disposition in chick embryo of PGCs were coincident no matter stained by PAS or HE staining, and HE staining could disclose the morphologic characteristics more clearly, exactly and completely;(2) genesis of blood island could be observed at the boundary of light and dark region of the extraembryonic blastoderm at about 26 hours;(3) both the blood vessel endothelium cells and free cells of the blood island were differentiated from PGCs. The generating of genuine yolk sac was at about 44-48 hours.

结果表明：①用经典的识别原生殖细胞的PAS染色方法与HE染色所观察到的PGC在鸡胚的分布及细胞形态基本一致，而HE染色较PAS法能更有助于清晰、完整、准确地识别PGC的细胞内部结构特征；②在孵化26小时的鸡胚胚外胚盘的明暗交界处可见血岛的发生，血岛发生的时间比真正的卵黄囊产生时间（大约44-48小时）要早很多；③血岛周围的血管内皮细胞与管腔中游离细胞都来自PGC。

Other reported cases in the prostate include a clear cell carcinoma of the prostatic utricle in a 16 year old boy reported from Uruguay and a renal cell type of prostatic carcinoma which lacked hobnail cells and had staining patterns similar to renal cell carcinoma.

其他有关前列腺透明细胞癌的报道有两例，一例发生在乌拉圭的一个16岁男孩的前列腺囊，另一例报道为前列腺癌的肾细胞型，此类型没有靴钉样细胞，而是与肾细胞癌相似的染色形式。

The quantities of starch grains in the two"cells"in micropyle part of embryosac gradually decrease and become unclear.With the further development of embryosac the starch grains in the central cell and antipodal cell disappear in succession,however,the egg cell does not.

在准极核移向胚囊中部前后，不同的功能性细胞有不同的表现，珠孔端的两个"细胞"淀粉粒数量逐渐减少并变得不明显，随着胚囊的进一步发育，其中中央细胞和反足细胞内的淀粉粒相继消失，但卵细胞内却一直保存着。

Antipodal cells The three haploid cells found in the embryo sac of seed-bearing plants that migrate to the chalaxal end of the sac farthest from the micropyle.

反足细胞：胚囊三次分裂形成卵细胞，助细胞和极核等，其中位于合点端的三个单倍体细胞称反足细胞。

The first passage of YS-MSCs which grew in good condition was obtained, and adipogenic differentiation of YS-MSCs was induced by dexamethasone and insulin, and angioblast was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.

取生长状态良好的第1代细胞，以地塞米松、胰岛素定向诱导卵黄囊间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞方向分化；以血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子体外诱导其向血管内皮细胞方向分化。

Pathology findings:there were, 294 cases of clear renal cell carcinoma （83.76 %）, including 2 cases of cystis renal cell carcinoma , 27 cases of Granntdar renal cell carcinoma （ 7.69 %）, 14 cases of papilliform renal cell carcinoma , 6 cases of the mixed type renal cell carcinoma, 10 cases of other cell types .

病理结果：透明细胞癌294例（83.76%，其中囊性肾细胞癌2例），颗粒细胞癌27例（7.69%），乳头状肾细胞癌14例（3.98%），肾混合细胞癌6例（1.7%），其它癌10例。263例（74.93%）获得随访，随访时间6个月~12年，3年、5年和10年生存率分别为70.45%（124/176）、53.3%（40/75）和23.8%（5/21）。

The dynamic changes of the number of T or B lymphocytes and the content of immunoglobulin G, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood, the number of CD〓, CD〓 lymphocyte subpopulation, T〓 cells and IgG, IgM, IgA antibody-producing cells, the ratios of CD〓 and CD〓 T cells in immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and immune tissues (cecal tonsils and Harderian glands), the content of IgA, IgM, IgG in local fluid (tear, tracheal fluid, intestinal fluid and bile) of one-day chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and CIAV-infected chicks immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine were determined respectively by immunohistochemistry, immunogold-silves and immunoenzyme staining in order to reveal mechanism of immunopathogenesis of chicks infected with CIAV and influence of immune responses of CIAV-infected chicks to ND vaccine.

中文题名雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒后免疫变化和对新城疫疫苗的应答及其免疫机理副题名外文题名 Immune changes of chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and immune response and mechanism to Newcastle disease vaccine immunity 论文作者郑世民导师刘忠贵教授学科专业基础兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位东北农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数105页关键词鸡传染性贫血病雏鸡新城疫疫苗馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S858 /9 本项研究采用免疫组织化学、免疫胶体金及免疫酶方法，首次对CIAV感染1日龄雏鸡和CIAV感染雏鸡ND疫苗免疫及vNDV攻击后，其外周血液的T细胞、B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量；中枢免疫器官胸腺和法氏囊，外周免疫器官脾脏及呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫组织哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体的ANAE〓、CD4〓、CD〓T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量和CD〓与CD〓T细胞比值以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的IgA、IgM、IgG含量的动态变化规律和CIAV感染对ND疫苗的免疫保护率等进行了全面系统地研究。

Results］ There were 11 cases with clear cell carcinoma; 1 case, granular cell carcinoma; 4 cases, mixed cell carcinoma; 1 case, multilocular cell carcinoma; 1 case, papillary renal carcinoma; 2 cases, chromophobe cell carcinoma and 1 case, collecting duct carcinoma.

结果］ 11例透明细胞癌，1例颗粒细胞癌，4例混合细胞癌，1例多房囊性肾细胞癌，1例乳头状癌，2例嫌色细胞癌，1例集合管癌。

①Rat MSC and VSMC were cultured and identified, respectively. MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly, and then co-cultivated with VSMC. The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed. Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen.②We established the regulatable system in two steps: a stable MSC line expressing rtTA has been constructed and characterized firstly by transfected with pUHD 17-1hyg and then selected by hygromycin B; in a second step, this line was used for trandfer the AT2R gene to MSC to get the well establishing double stable MSC lines;③The expression of AT2R regulated by doxycycline was evaluated by western blot;④The MSCs were transduced into rat carotid arteries with regulatable AT2R gene after the establishment of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The intimal/medial area ratio were measured by digital analysis system.

研究方法：(1)密度梯度离心法及胶原酶消化法分别培养原代大鼠MSC及VSMC，细胞共培养并行免疫荧光化学染色和透射电镜观察超微结构；(2)组成受Dox调控的哺乳动物表达系统的四种成分的转化、扩增及提纯并酶切鉴定；(3)采用常规分子生物学方法连续两个回合转染体外培养的MSC，并分别采用发光计检测不同细胞克隆萤光素酶活性改变以及RT-PCR方法检测AT2R目的基因mRNA表达情况，根据各个细胞克隆受Dox调控表达的程度，选择低背景、高诱导表达AT2R的细胞系，作为双重稳定MSC细胞系；蛋白免疫印迹法观察该细胞系在Dox调控下AT2R表达的时相性、持续性及在不同浓度Dox调控下的表达情况；(4)建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型，将双重稳定MSC在术中导入血管，分别于14 d、28 d进行病理切片，检测可调控AT2R对新生内膜增生的影响；采用RT-PCR免疫组织化学免疫荧光等技术观察AT2R基因在新生内膜中的表达以及细胞外基质成分表达的改变，TUNEL法检测血管组织中细胞凋亡的变化情况。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。