细胞发生

Results:The results show that the survival rate of mammary epithelial cells were decreasing gradually with the increasing of the time of TGF-β1 treatment, and the survival rates of 24 h and 48 h groups were significantly lower than that of control group (p.05); the LDH activity of 6 h、12 h、24 h and 48 h groups were significantly higher than that of control group (p.05); the DNA degradation arisesed in 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h groups' mammary epithelial cells; the activity of Caspase-3 reach to a peak at 24 h, which was significantly higher than that of control group (p.05); the acinus of epithelial cells appears to break off and collapse with the increasing of treatment time, but the leydig structure keeps integrate;...

结果表明：1、5、10 ng/mL的TGF-β1均能抑制乳腺上皮细胞的增殖，且随浓度增加抑制作用加大，呈现剂量依赖性，其中10 ng/mL TGF-β1组与对照组差异显著（P.05）；10 ng/mL TGF-β1作用于乳腺上皮细胞24 h，随作用时间延长细胞凋亡率逐渐增加，6 h、12 h和24 h组与对照组相比差异极显著（P.01）；LDH活力也不断升高，6 h、12 h和24 h组与对照组差异显著（P.05）；DNA随 TGF-β1作用时间的延长发生不同程度降解；TGF-β1作用2 h~6 h细胞大量表达HSP70，6 h达到高峰，而后下降，2~12 h的表达量均显著高于对照组（P.05）。结论：TGF-β1可以抑制奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖，具有浓度依赖性。10 ng/mLTGF-β1。。。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

Usually, anti-apoptotic protein is insulated in organella, restraining the release of pro-apoptotic factor and controlling cell apoptosis. however, interacting with pro-apoptotic protein, it can not restrain apoptosis, induce the loss of mitochondrial function, accelerate the release of pro-apoptotic factor and result in apoptosis.

抑凋亡蛋白平时被隔离在线粒体等细胞器内抑制促凋亡因子的释放，具有抑制细胞凋亡的功能，但一旦与激活的促凋亡蛋白发生相互作用后，便丧失了对细胞凋亡的抑制作用，造成线粒体等细胞器的功能丧失和细胞器内促凋亡因子的释放，导致细胞凋亡。

Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors have synergistic effect and play a switch role. Usually, anti-apoptotic protein is insulated in organella, restraining the release of pro-apoptotic factor and controlling cell apoptosis.

抑凋亡蛋白平时被隔离在线粒体等细胞器内抑制促凋亡因子的释放，具有抑制细胞凋亡的功能，但一旦与激活的促凋亡蛋白发生相互作用后，便丧失了对细胞凋亡的抑制作用，造成线粒体等细胞器的功能丧失和细胞器内促凋亡因子的释放，导致细胞凋亡。

However, higher concentration of CRP may increase the expression of protein and mRNA of inflammatory factor in endothelial cells; 2 Higher concentration of CRP may participate in the development of inflammatory process in endothelium by the mechanism that CRP induce cells apoptosis and activate signal pathway involved in cell proliferation. 3 CRP is the member of pentraxins family, in which two faces of pentamer form a special bi-phase structure: one face is ligand recognition phase; the other face is effector phase.

总结： 1CRP是一种保守蛋白，在正常生理水平下对内皮细胞没有明显的诱导炎症发生的作用，仅在高浓度条件下有可能诱导细胞炎症相关蛋白及mRNA的表达； 2高于生理水平的CRP对内皮细胞的致炎作用主要通过诱导细胞凋亡及激活细胞增殖相关蛋白信号通路的表达； 3CRP是一种双面五聚体蛋白，结构具有特殊的二相性，能够分别结合内皮细胞和E-LDL。

However, fully consideration of special structure and physiological function of CRP is critical to investigate whether CRP provide protect effect or pathogenic effect in the progression of atherosclerosis. CRP is a member of pentrxins family, which consists of five identical, noncovalently associated 23-kDa protomers arranged symmetrically around a central pore with a 102 A external diameter. Each protomer has a recognition face with a phosphocholine binding site consisting of two coordinated calcium ions adjacent to a hydrophobic pocket. The opposite face of the pentamer is the effector face, where complement Clq binds and Fc receptors are presumed to bind. A cleft extends from the center of the protomer to the central pore of the pentamer. Both faces ofpentamer form a special bi-phase structure: one face is the ligand recognition phase, which can recognize apoptosis cells and enzyme modified low density lipoprotein in which PCh is exposed.

CRP是一种五聚体蛋白，外径为102 A，由5个相同的单体以非共价键结合，形成双面的环形结构，每个单体的配体识别位点或受体结合位点分别位于五聚体两个平面上，分别组成配体识别相和效应器相，从而构成特殊的二相性结构：一面为配体识别相，含有磷酸胆碱(phosphorycholine，PCh)结合位点，能够使CRP识别在病理条件下暴露出PCh的凋亡细胞、酶修饰低密度脂蛋白(enzyme modified low density lipoprotein，E-LDL)等。E-LDL是天然低密度脂蛋白(native Low density lipoprotein，N-LDL)在多种蛋白酶，如胰蛋白酶、神经氨酸酶、胆固醇酯酶等作用下的代谢产物，其主要特点是结构发生改变(N-LDL大小均匀，平均直径250±30 A，E-LDL大小差异极大，直径为100-2000 A)，暴露磷酸胆碱位点，能够被CRP识别；另一面为效应器相，能够与巨噬细胞、单核细胞表面受体FcγRⅡa结合，介导巨噬细胞、单核细胞识别及吞噬凋亡、坏死细胞作用。

Inthe whole process, the oocytes, nurse cell and follicle cell morphology change. Inoocyte yolk formation and growth, the number of its nuclear trophoblast cell nucleoli,lamphrush chromosome with a strong synthetic material; oocytes also some syntheticmaterial; follicle cells in the yolk protein synthesis, provide access to exogenous yolkprotein.

在卵子发生的整个过程中，卵母细胞、滋养细胞及滤泡细胞形态均有明显变化；在卵母细胞生长及卵黄形成期，滋养细胞核内的多核仁现象、灯刷染色体与旺盛的物质合成有关；卵母细胞本身也合成一些物质；滤泡细胞参与卵黄蛋白的合成，并为外源性卵黄蛋白提供通道。

① All this suggested that during the hepatocarcinogenesis and the developing stage of liver cancer in a rat its organism never cease to monitor the activities of and eliminate the abnormal cells;② During the precirrhosis and cirrhosis stage,the velocity and extent of tissue proliferation was limited by cell apoptosis.

①大鼠肝癌发生过程中，机体进行细胞增殖以补偿因DEN损害导致肝细胞减少的同时，还通过细胞周期调控机制，以细胞凋亡为表现形式，始终在监测和清除着异常细胞；②肝硬变前期和肝硬变期，机体通过细胞凋亡，使组织增生的速度和规模受到控制。

Pig oocytes cultured in vitro for some time were inseminated by frozen–thawed ejaculated sperm. At specified times after insemination, sperm penetration, cell cycle progression and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were evaluated. It was shown that:(1) oocytes at various maturational stages could be penetrated by sperm;(2) sperm penetration did not affect meiotic cell cycle progression;(3) sperm penetration of germinal vesicle oocytes and maturing oocytes did not alter MAPK phosphorylation; and (4) when premetaphase I and metaphase I oocytes, in which MAPK was activated, were fertilised, no evident MAPK dephosphorylation was detected as in metaphase II oocytes.

不同成熟阶段的猪卵与精子融合后体外培养发现：(1)不同成熟阶段的猪卵母细胞都可被精子穿透；(2)精子穿透不影响减数分裂细胞周期进程；(3)精子穿透GV期卵母细胞和正在成熟的卵母细胞不改变MAPK磷酸化：(4)已受精的前中期I和中期I卵母细胞的MAPK有活性，MAPK不像MII卵母细胞那样受精后发生磷酸化。

Japonicus.Nerve extraction substance of sea star and dithiothreitol has been reported to be effectively to induce oocyte maturation in sea cucumbers. In this study we tested their effects on oocyte maturation induction in sea cucumber A. japonicus. The results are as follows, oocyte of A. japonicus does not get mature spontaneously. Neither NES alone nor NES with follicle suspension can induce oocyte maturation. While DTT can prominently increase the percentages of germinal vesicle break down. When the concentration of DTT is between10-1 mol/L and 10-3 mol/L, the effect of maturation induction is more sufficient. When the concentration is about 10-2 mol/L, the percentage of GVBD can reach up to more than 90%.

分别利用在海参中有诱导作用的海星神经提取液和二硫苏糖醇对从成熟卵巢解剖出的刺参卵母细胞进行诱导成熟试验，结果显示，刺参的卵母细胞在海水中不会发生自发成熟，海星神经提取液以及神经提取液加滤泡悬浮液对卵母细胞没有诱导成熟的作用，而二硫苏糖醇处理可以诱导卵母细胞生发泡破裂，当DTT溶液的浓度处于10-1 mol/L到10-3 mol/L之间时，对刺参卵母细胞的促熟作用较为明显，在10-2 mol/L左右时，卵母细胞的诱导成熟率可以达到90%以上。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。