细胞原体

With Mab 2A3, the first positive cells were detected at the limb bud stage of the embryos. Distinguishable positive haemocytes with a diameter of about 7μm appeared in embryonic-nauplius. At the following nauplius I stage, configuration of haemocytes became more integrated and clear. Their diameters were almost similar to those of haemocytes from adult shrimp. With Mab 1H11, the first positive granular haemocytes were identified at the stage of embryonic-nauplius which existed in clusters with positive punctate fluorescence of granules distributed around the periphery of granular haemocytes.

通过对包括囊胚期、原肠胚期、肢芽期、膜内无节幼体期和无节幼体Ⅰ期在内的中国对虾胚胎的间接免疫荧光检测，最早在肢芽期胚胎中检测到2A3阳性信号；在膜内无节幼体期，2A3阳性血细胞平均直径约7μm，聚集成簇；在无节幼体Ⅰ期，血细胞形态更加完整清晰，平均直径已与成体对虾血细胞相似。1H11阳性大颗粒细胞最早在膜内无节幼体期胚胎中出现，这些细胞同样成簇存在，在其细胞质外围可见点状荧光。

During segmentation,GFP was detected in the notochord but not in the foor plate.

GFP在原肠作用期就开始表达，主要发生在中轴下胚层中；在体节形成期，GFP在脊索细胞中表达，但未发现在神经底板细胞中表达。

The primary cultured Müller cells adhered to the wall of flask and grew fast, with large applanate cell bodies.

原代培养的Müller细胞贴壁生长，胞体较大、扁平，第3代细胞生长减慢。

METHODS AND RESULTS: Using both primary peritoneal macrophages and studies in advanced atheromata in vivo, we introduce signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) as a critical and necessary component of endoplasmic reticulum stress/type A scavenger receptor-induced macrophage apoptosis.

方法和结果：通过使用原代腹膜巨噬细胞研究在体脂质斑块，我们引入信号转导子和转录激活子-1(STAT1)，作为内质网应激/A型清道夫受体诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡中关键和必要组分。

Most endothelial cells fell off, elastic fibre autolyze; the number of SMC decreased, some SMC nucleus contracted completely or depressed, typical apoptosis body were seen in later stage, muscle silk autolyzed and disappeared mostly; in outer layer saw much collagenic fiber, arranged unorderly; inflammation cells were seen in the aneurysm wall(hypertrophy cell et al.).

多数瘤壁的内皮细胞溶解脱落，不连续，弹力纤维自溶；动脉瘤血管壁均可见SMC明显减少，较多SMC染色质边聚、固缩，部分SMC核全部固缩或出现不规则凹陷，SMC核胞浆或胞核部分出现脱落或裂解成碎片，晚期可见典型的凋亡小体出现，肌丝大都自溶消失：外膜可见大量的胶原纤维，排列较紊乱；瘤壁还可见炎性细胞浸润。

MSCs were cultured in a conditional medium in subculture including: dexamethasone, vitamin C, and β-glycerophosphate. At the same time, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector containing VEGF165gene. VEGF165 gene was transfected into MSCs by means of LipofectAMINE?2000. The stably gene expressive cells were screened with G-418 for 14 days.

在脂质体介导下将构建成功的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1- VEGF165转染到诱导培养的MSCs，G-418筛选阳性细胞克隆，将阳性克隆细胞和未转染的MSCs共同接种于β-磷酸三钙上，体外培养7天后，植入原大鼠肌肉内。

Results Microscopically, different degrees of hepatocytic degenerative changes and hyperplasic fibrous tissue and typical false lobule formation could be seen. Timm's staining result showed uneven distributed black granular deposits in the hepatocytes. No specific PAS staining was observed. Utrastructurally, the mitochondria were increased in volume and dramatically different in shape. The number of lysomes were increased.

结果 光镜下肝细胞表现为不同程度的退行性变，胶原纤维增生以及典型假小叶形成；Timm's染色阳性，发现不均匀分布黑色颗粒或团块样物质沉积；PAS染色则普遍缺乏特异性染色；超微结构显示线粒体形态多样，体积增大，溶酶体增多，粗面内质网管腔扩张，附着核糖体的脱颗粒，以及胞质水肿，质膜溶解。

A 30 min exposure to peroxynitrite (10〓μmol/L) followed by incubation in fresh medium induced apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule cells, which was confirmed by DNA laddering, chromatin condensation, nuclei fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies.

原代小脑颗粒细胞经10μmol/L过氧化亚硝基处理30min，并继续培养一定时间后逐渐发生细胞凋亡，主要表现为DNA链断裂、染色质凝缩、核破裂、形成凋亡小体。

We have, therefore, investigated the direct effects of adiponectin on primary cultures of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells in vitro and determined its integrated effects in vivo by characterizing the bone phenotype of adiponectin-deficient mice.

为此，我们研究了脂联素对离体培养的原代成骨细胞和破骨细胞的直接影响，并通过对脂联素缺陷小鼠的骨基因表型的研究明确其在体内的综合作用。

Erve growth factor can combine with its" receptor (one of tyrosine protein kinase receptor coded by proto - oncogene tyrosine kinase, TrkA), Causing the molecule of receptors to gather on the cell surface, and the tyrosine protein in cytoplasmic domain may be activated, three tyrosine base in the kinase domain of its" receptor and two tyrosine base at other domain be phosphated, thus, phosphated tyrosine receptor kinase became the bracket which absorb all kinds of connective proteins and kinases.

GF与其酪氨酸受体激酶受体(由原癌基因trk编码的一种酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体，TrkA)相结合，引起受体分子在细胞表面发生二聚体化，然后受体细胞内结构上酪氨酸活性被激活，使受体自身结构中位于激酶结构域的三个酪氨酸残基及在此结构域外的两个酪氨酸残基发生自身磷酸化，这样，磷酸化的酪氨酸受体激酶A便成为吸收各种连接蛋白质和酶的支架。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。