细胞化学

According to the receptorology and Chinese Medicine immunology, NCM possess with adhering, piercing and killing for virosis,it has four advantage.

巨噬细胞吞噬微粒和纳米粒而不是有效化学成分，因此，中药治病不能仅归功于有效化学成分，还应有纳米中药的物理化学疗效。

Methods: cell biological assay, histochemical staining of senescence associated-β-galactosidase and immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen wereused. Results: chondrocytes exhibited various types of amitotic figures.

应用细胞生物学方法、衰老相关-β-半乳糖苷酶组织化学染色和增殖细胞核抗原免疫组织化学方法，研究正常成人和正常成体大鼠气管软骨组织动力学。

The effective stimulating sites were indentified by defensive cardiovascular response and other components of defence reaction evoked by 3 s trains of rectangular cathodal pulses (100Hz, 0.5ms pulse duration, 70 -150μA intensity for dPAG and 150-250μA for PF) delivered from a programmed multichannel constant current stimulator. The responses included an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, pupillodilation and an increase in the rate and depth of respiration. Currents of 1Hz, intensity of 100- 150μA for dPAG and 200-250μA for PF were used to observe the effect of the stimulation of them on RVLM neurones. The deep peroneal nerve and superfacial deep peroneal nerve were carefully separated, and put on a pair of stimulating electrode respectively, Both nerves were stimulated with constant rectangular pulses of 1Hz, 0.5ms duration and 300μA current intensity to see their effects on RVLM neurones. The baro-and chemo-receptors were activated by the intravenous injection of phenylephrine or 0.208 M NaH2PO4. The degree of convergent inputs to individual RVLM neurone was studied by the stimulation of the sites mentioned above. It was found that neurones about 61.4%(27/44) and 35.3%(6/17) received convergent inputs from three and four places respectively.

过去的研究主要集中于整体水平，利用电刺激或化学刺激RVLM神经元，观察对血压、心率及交感活动的影响，并对影响心血管交感活动的神经递质进行了广泛探讨，积累了大量资料；在神经元水平，主要研究刺激脑内核团、外周神经、化学感受器及压力感受器等对RVLM神经元放电的影响和某些神经递质影响神经元活动的机制、然而，对RVLM神经元如何整合不同信息、其可能突触机制等研究得较少，本互作拟采用在体细胞内、细胞外记录电活动与微电泳，结合中枢核团及外周神经电刺激等方法，对RVLM神经元在不同状态下的整合作用规律与可能机制进行初步探讨，为进一步了解这一复杂的整合过程提供新的理论依据。

Despite evidence implicating prostaglandins as critical factor in male reproductive functions, little is known about expression and function of COX-2 in the male reproductive system. By using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western-blot, the content of this research included:(1) The expression and localization of COX-2 in mature rat and human testis were examined.(2) We investigated the changes of spermatogenesis and testosterone levels in testis after by using the COX-2 specific inhibitor-rofecoxib at 2, 4 and 8 weeks.(3) To explore the relationship between the intratesticular level of testosterone and expression of COX-2 by completely destroying the Leydig cells of mature male rats with injection of a single I.

本课题应用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR和Western-blot等方法检测以下内容：(1)在mRNA和蛋白水平检测正常成年男性及大鼠睾丸组织中COX-2的表达及定位情况；(2)实验组大鼠持续给予COX-2酶的特异性抑制剂Rofecoxib，分别于用药后2周、4周和8周检测大鼠的精子生成以及睾丸组织内睾酮浓度的变化；(3)另一组实验大鼠给予特异性Leydig细胞灭活剂EDS，在特定时间内抑制睾丸组织内合成的睾酮，于用药后2周和4周，采用免疫组织化学及RT-PCR方法观察大鼠睾丸组织内睾酮浓度变化对COX-2合成的影响。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

In the light of looking up -finishing-inquiring into the literature,The subject ntegratedly applied the knowledge of botany and phytotomy and Authentication of Chinese Medicines and the experimental technology to study taxonomy and anatomy of Cornus chinense Wanger and its kindred plant.To combine the knowledge of natural medicinal chemistry instrumental analysis,pharmaceutical analysis and experimental technique,Glycosides chemical components of Cornus chinense Wanger and its kindred plant were qualitatively analysised by using TLC.

以文献查阅-整理-调查为基础，综合运用植物学、植物解剖学、中药鉴定学知识与实验技术对川鄂山茱萸及其近缘植物进行分类学处理与解剖学研究，结合天然药物化学、仪器分析、药物分析等学科的知识与实验技术，用TLC定性分析川鄂山茱萸及其近缘植物的苷类化学组分；用HPLC测定川鄂山茱萸不同器官、细胞组织、果实不同采集期的熊果酸、马钱苷的含量并进行色谱条件优化。

Methods We reported a case of PXA located in the cerebellum of a young adult in view of its extremely unusual location. Morphologic observation, immunohistochemical staining using DAKO EnVision system , histochemical stains including hematoxylin eosin and Gordon Sweet's reticulin methods were used.

采用免疫组织化学DAKOEnVison法、组织化学网质纤维染色和HE染色及形态学观察的方法，报道 1例极罕见于年轻人小脑的多形性黄色星形细胞瘤，探讨其临床病理特点。

The latency of the waves of SEP or MEP is extracted. But it still is the best in all. The control group is the worst of all. The wave can be found again after the spinal cords are hemisectcd in control group. 5.. Seen from the immunohistochemistry of NF, Schwann cells can promote neural dendrite outgrowth toward the area of hemisected spinal cord.

神经纤维的兔疫组化染色脊髓半切损伤后，经NF的免疫组织化学技术染色显示：移植雪旺细胞可以促进神经纤维向脊髓损伤区域生长，抗体封闭 LI后神经纤维的生长受到抑制，再生神经纤维数相对减少，这从免疫组织化学方面说明口对神经再生具有影响。

PH, dissolved oxygen and chemical indexes for instance total nitrogens, total phosphorus, chemistry oxygen depletion; appraised phytoplankton species complexity; numerated phytoplankton cell density; analyzed various kinds of biological diversities.

主要测定了水温、透明度、pH、溶解氧等物理指标；总氮、总磷、化学耗氧量等化学指标；同时对浮游植物的种类组成、细胞密度和生物多样性指标进行了鉴定、记数和分析。

This survival time was not significantly altered by bilateral denervation of cervical vagi (the major sensory system for detecting changes in pulmonary conditions), by bilateral denervation of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors (the major sensory system for detecting changes in arterial blood gases and pH), by pretreatment with dimethylthiourea, or by pretreatment with milrinone (a phosphodiesterase Ⅲ inhibitor that may avoid respiratory muscle fatigue).

而截断双侧颈部迷走神经（负责侦测肺内部情况的最主要感觉神经）、摘除双侧的周边化学接受器（负责侦测动脉血液气体及酸碱值的最主要化学接受器）、或投予Milrinone（一种phosphodiesteraseⅢ抑制剂，藉抑制cAMP被分解，以增加细胞内cAMP的量，可以使疲乏的呼吸肌内再增加收缩力）、Dimethylthiourea等药物的动物，都无法延长其存活时间。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。