细胞分裂

Exoscopic Describing the type of development of a plant embryo in which the apex of the sporophyte develops from the outer cell formed by the first division of the zygote , the inner cell giving rise to the foot.

外向的：指一种植物胚胎的发育类型，其孢子体的顶端由受精卵的第一次分裂的外层细胞发育而来，内层细胞形成根。

Endoscopic Describing the type of development of a plant embryo in which the inner cell formed by the first division of the zygote develops into the embryo, while the outer cell develops into the suspensor.

内向极性：该名词用来描述植物胚胎发育的一种形式，指受精卵第一次分裂形成的内细胞最后发育为胚胎，外细胞发育为胚柄。

The results showed that the cell wall organization during anther development failed to divide into inner-wall, middle and tapetum normally, and not to provide material, energy and information transfer for the development of pollen mother cells, resulting in the occurrence of abnormal pollen mother cells separatist period; thus which could not form a normal pollen grains which led to abortion.

结果表明，不育花药壁组织在发育过程中，没有分化形成正常的内壁、中层及绒毡层，不能为花粉母细胞的发育提供物质、能量和信息的传递，造成花粉母细胞在减数分裂期发生异常，不能形成正常的四分体，因而未能形成正常的花粉粒而导致败育。

The result showed that the plant of Maicao No. 9 was tall, with good fecundity, fully filled grain and vigorous growth. The chromosome number of the root cells was 2n=56, through the observation of pollen mother cells meiosis, there were a certain amount of univalents, ring bivalents and bar bivalents in PMCM. Different numbers of lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridges and micronucleus were found in anaphaseⅠ, anaphaseⅡ and tetraspore.

结果表明：麦草9号植株高大，结实性较好，籽粒饱满，生长旺盛；根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=56，对其进行花粉母细胞减数分裂观察，中期Ⅰ具有一定数量的单价体、环状二价体、棒状二价体；后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ与四分体时期都出现不同数量的落后染色体、染色体桥、微核等现象。

Observation on the ultrastructure of the radicle cell of cabbage seeds indicated that the ultrastructure changed with the seed vigor reduced, such as the segregation of cytoplasm from the cell wall, the fragmentation of cell membrane, the vesiculation of protoplasm, the homogenization of chromation, the disintegration of cytoplasm, the distinguishing of nuclear membrane and nucleous ,and so on.

胚根细胞亚显微结构电镜观察结果，甘蓝种子通过人工老化活力降低后，胚根超微结构发生了变化，主要表现为：质壁分裂，细胞膜内陷或局部断裂，细胞质空泡化，细胞器难以辨认，染色质均质化，核仁和核膜的界限模糊等现象。

On light microscopy,there was abundant cosinophilic cytoplasm,with the tumor cells being aciniform or tubiform without significant atupia and mitosis.

光镜下瘤细胞排列成腺泡状或管状，细胞质含丰富的嗜酸性细颗粒，细胞无明显异形性和核分裂象。

Cell fragmentation is a mainly amitotic way in early cultured PC 12 cells.

细胞裂殖是早期培养PC12细胞的主要无丝分裂方式。

The neurons differentiated by NGF in cultured PC12 cells can divide in amitotic way.The differentiated neuron can form junction by cell migration, neurite extension or cytoplasmic bridge.

NGF诱导PC12细胞分化的神经细胞能以无丝分裂方式增殖；分化神经元可以通过细胞迁徙、突起延伸及共同胞质桥等方式相连接。

Methods 12 guinea pigs of 20 months with 3 cm×3 cm hair sheared from their backs were divided into control group and experimental group. Rhodosin and deer serum preparation was besmeared on the skin of guinea pigs in experimental group, and cosmetic matrix was besmeared on the skin of animals in control group for 60 d. The distribution of type Ⅲ collagen was observed with Sirius red staining and HE staining. The fission index of the cells of stratum basale, the thickness proportion of stratum corneum to epidermis, the volume density of the collagen fibers and small blood vessel in dermis, the number of fibroblasts in aging skin were meassured with technique of sterology.

背部被剪去3 cm×3 cm毛的12只20月龄豚鼠被随机均分为给药组和对照组，给药组涂抹红鹿制剂，对照组涂抹化妆品基质，连续涂抹60 d；应用天狼猩红、HE染色和体视学技术分别观察和测定老化皮肤中Ⅲ型胶原的分布、表皮基底层细胞的分裂指数、角质层同表皮厚度的比例、真皮胶原纤维和微血管的体密度和成纤维细胞的数目。

It is currently considered that the functional defects of mitotic checkpoint and centrosome abnormalities may play important roles in the development of aneuploidy in tumor cells.

近年来研究显示：细胞有丝分裂检查点功能缺陷和中心体异常可能是肿瘤细胞CIN形成的重要原因，但这一推测还没有在包括OSCC在内的人类大量实体瘤中得到全面证实。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。