细胞分裂

Rising of fertilization membrane during induced maturation indicates insemination is not necessary to form the fertilization membrane. The oocyte will not become fertilizable until GVBD has happened and can still be fertilized after the second polar body extrusion.

卵母细胞只有在生发泡破裂之后才具有受精能力，从生发泡破裂到第二极体排出前的整个减数分裂过程中，卵母细胞都可以受精，但是只有在第一极体排出前受精的卵母细胞才能发生卵裂。

1Unequal number of univalents with decreased degree of synapsis and lagging chromosomes occurred in meiosis.The abnormal chromosomal behavior correlated with heterogenicity gave rise to unequal allocation of homogenous chromosomes to daughter cells and resulted in the deletion of functional chromosoms,thus led to the occurence of a certion proportion of aborted pollens.(2)The interaction between genetic imbalance and such environmental factors as temperature,etc.,further drew forth physiological and even structrural imbalance,with abnormal development of pollen mother cells and tapetal cells,and consequently resulted in no or very few production of pollens.The difference in the interaction between environment and genotype reflected on the unstability of pollen abortion in different years.

1在减数分裂中有数目不等的联合程度较差的单价体以及落后染色体出现，这种与异质性相关的染色体行为异常，导致同源染色体向子细胞的不均衡分配，造成具功能染色体的缺失，从而引起毛白杨一定比率的败育花粉的产生；(2)遗传上的不平衡与温度等环境因子相互作用，进一步引发毛白杨生理乃至结构上的不平衡，花粉母细胞和绒毡层细胞发育异常，从而造成不产粉或产粉较少；环境与基因型互作的差异性导致了花粉败育的年度不稳定性。

It shows that the embryogenic tissues are composed of a group of small meristematic cells at one end (embryo-proper cells), which are at different phages of cell division and many long cells at the other end (embryo-suspensor cells).

研究表明，胚性愈伤组织是由不同发育阶段的早期胚组成的细胞团，早期胚主要由长的胚柄细胞及其顶端的胚头细胞组成，而后者又具不同的分裂相。

There has been a research indicating that geminin overexpression or cdt1 knockdown decreased the number of mitotically active cells and this effect depended on direct interaction between Geminin and Cdt1 .This balanced interaction of Geminin and Cdt1 is critical for the cell-cycle regulation.

在斑马鱼中研究发现，过量表达Geminin或者降低Gdt1的表达能减少有丝分裂的细胞数量，并且这种对细胞周期的效应直接取决于Geminin-Cdt1的相互作用，总之，Geminin和Cdt1的相互作用对细胞周期的调节非常重要。

To eplore the relationship between Dynein and the formation of meiosis error of oocytes, the immature mouse oocytes were in vitro cultured with a known dynein ATPase activity inhibitor- sodium orthovanadate to detect the changes of maturation rate, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR and single cell RT-PCR were performed to detect the alteration of the cyclin B1 mRNA level.

为探讨Dynein与卵母细胞减数分裂错误形成的关系，采用小鼠卵母细胞体外培养成熟技术和半定量RT-PCR方法，分别检测Dynein抑制剂-原钒酸钠对卵母细胞成熟率和cyclin B1基因转录水平的影响。

Both of them originated from the protodermal cells and formed four cells through two successive periclinal divisions.

两类表皮毛的原始细胞均起源于叶原基或幼叶的原表皮细胞，经过两次垂周分裂形成四细胞。

Objective To investigate the proliferative and osteogenic activity of periosteal osteoblasts, calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells from the same embryo.

目的 比较从同一胚胎来源的骨膜成骨细胞、颅骨成骨细胞和骨髓基质干细胞的分裂增殖能力和细胞的功能状态。

Objective To study the mechanism in which the personality, copying style influenced survival time by changing immunity function in the patients with gastric cancer Methods The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory, coping style questionnaires and immunity function were measured in patients with gastric cancer on late stage, gastric cancer patients with longer survival time, and normal control Results Psychopathic deviate, social introversion subscale scores of MMPI in groupⅡ were significantly lower than that in the other two groups ( P 05) Statistical difference were found between groupⅠand groupⅡ in problem saving factor and help seeking factor of CSQ ( P 05) Natural killer cell level in groupⅡ was significantly higher than in groupⅠ( P 05) There was negative correlation between the NKC and depression, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia subscale scores of MMPI, there was positive correlation between NKC and SP, coping type in patients with gastric cancer Conclusion The gastric cancer patients with longer survival time are more extroversive and have more mature coping styles Their NKC level is relatively higher The results may be advantageous to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer

作者中文名：王健；邹义壮；唐丽丽；李杰；张东；金山；刘娟摘要：目的研究胃癌患者的生存期与个性特征、应付方式等心理因素，以及免疫功能的关系。方法对胃癌晚期患者、胃癌较长生存期患者及正常健康人分别进行明尼苏达多相个性测验、应对方式问卷、免疫功能测试，并做相关分析。结果(1)MMPI：胃癌Ⅱ组人格障碍评分(42.0±10.5)及社会内向评分(42.2±11.6)，低于其他两组[胃癌Ⅰ组为(49.3±11.2)分和(48.3±9.4)分，对照组为(48.6±10.9)分和(39.9±11.5)分；P均＜0.05]；(2)CSQ：解决问题和求助因子分，胃癌Ⅰ组[分别为(0.68±0.27)分和(0.42±0.18)分]均低于胃癌Ⅱ组[分别为(0.82±0.18)分和(0.65±0.21)分；P＜0.05和P＜0.01]，胃癌Ⅱ组更多采取成熟的应对方式；(3)自然杀伤细胞：胃癌Ⅱ组水平(21.4±9.2)高于胃癌Ⅰ组[(14.2±8.8)；P＜0.05]；而NK细胞水平与MMPI的抑郁(r=-0.35)、人格障碍(r=-0.39)、偏执(r=-0.29)、精神衰弱(r=-0.30)及精神分裂(r=-0.30)等量表呈负相关，与CSQ的解决问题因子(r=0.35)及应付方式类型(r=0.34)呈正相关。结论与胃癌Ⅰ组比较，胃癌Ⅱ组更为外向，负性情绪较少，更多采取成熟的应对方式，其NK细胞水平较高，对胃癌的预后产生了积极的影响。

Considering undividing cells might be transfected with adenovirus vector andmacrophages could be activated by IL-2,we transfected mIL-2 gene into the freshlyisolated peritoneal macrophages with recombinant adenovirus,and pulsed with tumorantigen in vitro,in order to enhance the immune effector function as well as theantigen presentation function simutaneously,and acquired more effective actions ofantitumor.

本研究选用可转染非分裂细胞的缺陷型腺病毒为载体，将活化巨噬细胞的小鼠IL-2基因转染至小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并在体外行肿瘤抗原冲击，以期在增强其免疫效应功能的同时充分发挥其抗原提呈功能，从而取得更好的抗瘤效果。

Results: Compared with that treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone, after the combined therapy, the size of thyroid decreased significantly, P＜0.01. Typical apoptosis appearance, such as vacuolated cell, marginal nuclei, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, could be seen under light microscopy. The apoptotic rate before and after adding Chinese herbs was (2.11±1.78)%and (18.66±20.01)%respectively (P＜0.01). TUNEL positive cells were detectable for up to 2-20 weeks after Chinese herbal treatment.

结果：与单纯抗甲状腺药物治疗比较，患者经抗甲状腺药物与中药联合应用治疗2-10周后，甲状腺组织明显缩小(P＜0.01)；光镜下可见细胞发泡、核着边、核固缩、核小体、核分裂等凋亡细胞的典型形态；加中药治疗前后甲状腺细胞凋亡比率分别为(2.11±1.78)%和(18.66±20.01)%(P＜0.01)；末端标记呈阳性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。