细胞分裂

Cell theory The theory that all organisms are composed of CELLS and cell products and that growth and development results from the division and differentiation of cells.

细胞学说：所有的生物体都是由细胞及细胞产物构成的。细胞的分裂和分化导致细胞的生长和发育。

Tumor associated protein n35 was located on the centriole of the chromosomal domain at the s-g2 phage.conclusions the tumor associated protein n35 might be a tumor cell growth regulator, expressed only it's the cancer cells and related with the proliferation of cancer cells.

结果 肿瘤相关蛋白n35不存在于正常人淋巴细胞、正常肺细胞及人皮肤纤维细胞中，而存在于肺癌细胞蛋白中，在亚细胞结构中主要分布于胞核，在肿瘤细胞有丝分裂进入g2至m期时明确地定位于中心粒结构上。

It distributed in the live lung cancer cell GLC-82, but not in the protein ingredient of the normal human lymphocyte, the normal human lung cell and human skin fibroblasts, Tumor associated protein N3S was located on the centriole of the chromosomal domain at the S-G2 phage.

结果：肿瘤相关蛋白N35不存在于正常肺细胞、人淋巴细胞及人皮肤纤维细胞中，而存在于肺癌细胞蛋白中，在亚细胞结构中主要分布于胞核，在肿瘤细胞有丝分裂进入S至G_2期时明确地定位于中心粒结构上。

There were the radicle polarity and the plumule polarity in differentiation of the first somatic embryogenesis.

此外，体细胞胚的发生和分裂是不同步的，往往在同一张切片上既可看到单个的胚性母细胞，又可见到二细胞、四细胞以致多细胞原胚并存的多样化原胚细胞群体。

Results:After 5 days of disposal of 8-MOP combined with ATRA or alone on Mc3 cells,the numbers of Mc3 cells are decreased,the division cell disappears,the rugosity of cells surface is changed into the flat shape,the extension dimension of Mc3 cells enlarge obviously.

结果：Mc3细胞经8-MOP与ATRA单独及联合应用处理5天以后，细胞数量减少，分裂细胞消失，细胞表面由折皱状改变为平铺状，细胞伸展面积明显变大。

A cell from which gametes develop by meiotic division, especially a spermatocyte or an oocyte.

配子母细胞，配子细胞配偶子通过配子减数分裂而发展的细胞，尢指精母细胞或卵母细胞

The observation showed that sterile plants and fertile plants in the pollen mother cell stage is not very different, when microspore mother cells of male sterile plants enter meiosis period, it could form normal tetrad cell , tetrad cell is normal in early development stage, In the uninucleate microspore stage , tapetal cells were vacuolization, the microspores were extruded to the middle by tapetal cells.

本研究利用石蜡切片法，结合光学显微镜技术对樱桃萝卜核质互作雄性不育系的不育株和对应保持系可育株的花药发育过程进行细胞形态学观察，观察结果表明：不育株与可育株在花粉母细胞时期差别不大，不育株的花药小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂期后，可以正常的形成四分体，四分体前期发育正常，而在单核小孢子期绒毡层细胞出现液泡化，绒毡层细胞向中间挤压小孢子。

For further studying the genetic mechanism of the reproductive isolation phenomenon of interspecific hybrid, paraffin sections of testes from 13 sexually mature male mules (Equus asinus×Equus caballus) and 12 hinnies (Equus caballus×Equus asinus) were prepared, and the samples of Giemsa meiosis and AgNO 3 synaptonemal complexes were observed and compared with spermatocyte meiosis of horse and donkey under light microscope and electronic microscope.

为了进一步探讨种间杂种生殖隔离现象的遗传机理，本研究采用性成熟公骡的睾丸为材料，制备组织切片和减数分裂联会复合体标本进行观察，发现个别性腺发育较好的个体虽然减数分裂存在大量异常，但确有少数精母细胞完成了减数分裂并产生精子。

Fluorescence staining of cell framework and nuclei were conducted, the result of which revealed that the transfected cells displayed disorder in cell skeleton, shrinkage and cleavage in nuclei. It was illuminated that chromosome DNA occurred cleavage and fragment since the result of TUNEL detection was positive. The transfected cells also displayed more typical apoptotic character, including exposure of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane by Annexin V staining detection, shrinkage nuclei, chromatin condensation, plasma membrane blebbing and chromatin breakage fragments by electron microscopy analyses.

细胞骨架和细胞核染色结果表明，AIF基因转染细胞呈现细胞骨架的紊乱、细胞核固缩、分裂等变化；TUNEL检测呈阳性，说明有染色体DNA出现断裂；Annexin V染色检测到转染细胞出现胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸的暴露；电镜观察的结果显示，转染目的基因组细胞呈现细胞膜出泡、细胞核固缩、染色体凝集和断裂等典型的凋亡细胞特征。

Pig oocytes cultured in vitro for some time were inseminated by frozen–thawed ejaculated sperm. At specified times after insemination, sperm penetration, cell cycle progression and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were evaluated. It was shown that:(1) oocytes at various maturational stages could be penetrated by sperm;(2) sperm penetration did not affect meiotic cell cycle progression;(3) sperm penetration of germinal vesicle oocytes and maturing oocytes did not alter MAPK phosphorylation; and (4) when premetaphase I and metaphase I oocytes, in which MAPK was activated, were fertilised, no evident MAPK dephosphorylation was detected as in metaphase II oocytes.

不同成熟阶段的猪卵与精子融合后体外培养发现：(1)不同成熟阶段的猪卵母细胞都可被精子穿透；(2)精子穿透不影响减数分裂细胞周期进程；(3)精子穿透GV期卵母细胞和正在成熟的卵母细胞不改变MAPK磷酸化：(4)已受精的前中期I和中期I卵母细胞的MAPK有活性，MAPK不像MII卵母细胞那样受精后发生磷酸化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。