细胞内的

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

The number of DC is more in the cases of those that have more necrotic areas and lymphocytes infiltration.

树突状细胞形态不规则，绝大部分DC分布于坏死灶和汇管区间质中与淋巴细胞伴行，肝细胞内一般不常见，坏死灶越多，淋巴细胞浸润越多的病例中DC细胞也越多。

The periportal red hyaline globules seen here with periodic acid-Schiff stain are characteristic for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (a person with homozygous pi-ZZ genotype) The globules are intrahepatic collections of alpha-1-antitrypsin that is not being excreted from the hepatocytes .

1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可见典型的病理变化是经 PAS 染色，可见肝细胞内有圆形红染半透明的玻璃样小滴。小滴是肝内α1-抗胰蛋白酶聚集不能被肝细胞排泄而形成的。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

After delayed scanning, the concentric delayed potentialization was found in all cases. Conclusion PCC has certain characteristic manifestation on low field MRI. MRI plain scan combined with dynamic contrast enhancement scan is the key to the correct diagnosis of PCC.

肝内周围性胆管细胞癌的低场MRI表现具有一定的特征性，平扫结合动态增强扫描是诊断肝内周围性胆管细胞癌的关键技术。

Electron micrograph showed us that hepatocytes were damaged seriously along with the prolonged NHBD time in A group. At the NHBD 120 and 150min in A group, hepatocytes showed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes, round swollen mitochondria with clear matrix and rough endoplasmic reticula which was not in a stacked arrangement.

电镜发现，A组随着心跳停搏时间的延长，肝细胞的损伤逐渐加重，至120和150min时，肝细胞内可出现大量空泡和溶酶体，线粒体和粗面内质网结构也遭到破坏，但未出现明显的坏死和凋亡改变。

Analysis of cytosolic versus nuclear localization of HSF1 showed that in young cells HSFI was primary cytosolic, and heat shock promoted its trimerization and nuclear translocation.

在不同年龄的IMR90细胞中，无论体内或体外，HSF1激活能力与细胞年龄呈反相关，但细胞内HSF1蛋白质与其mRNA水平并无改变。

Further studies are underway to investigate the exact intracellular mechanisms underlying the effects of the two substances. In Chapter 4, we observed the effects of metabolites of mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. from the South China Sea Coast, Xyloketal A～D, on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in vitro, and the present data indicated that AChE activity was remarkably inhibited by Xyloketal A～D in a dose-dependent manner.

另一方面，在论文第3章离体豚鼠回肠收缩实验中，发现323-A和323-B可剂量依赖性地抑制组胺、乙酰胆碱以及氯化钾所引起的GPI收缩，pD2'依次为5.13、4.97、5.36和5.51、5.56、5.62，并且，通过机制分析发现，323-A和323-B可以显著降低在外界无钙离子存在时由细胞内钙储库释放钙所产生的收缩反应，而对由细胞外钙离子内流所引起的收缩无明显影响。

The cells aggregated to form a cell mass and invaginated as a cell mass into the ECM. The cells also extended fine fibrillar processes into the ECM.

细胞聚集形成细胞团并内陷至ECM中，这些细胞产生的纤维状细长突起延伸至ECM中。

Then, such kind of HIV without infection ability must be eliminated together with died host cells before that the re-propagated HIVs maturated to break host cells and to release out from cells.

最后，在重新繁殖且成熟起来的HIV导致细胞破碎并释放出细胞之前，细胞内尚无感染力的未成熟HIV将同死亡的宿主细胞一起被清除。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷