细胞内的

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

Results indicated that the variation was significant from treatment to treatment. S-deficiency caused bulging chloroplasts, loosening and dishevelled grana lamella, reducing organelle, and damaged chondriosome in mesophyll cells of the leaves, and empty cells of the roots, while S-excess, however, led to densification, condensation and randomization of grana lamella of the chloroplasts of the leaves, and separation of cytoplasms from walls of the cells of the roots.

结果表明，受S素营养胁迫的水稻，其根系及叶片的超微结构均发生了显著的变化：低S胁迫会造成水稻叶片叶肉细胞内的叶绿体结构肿胀，基粒片层松驰、散乱，细胞器减少，线粒体结构被破坏，根系细胞内几乎没有内含物；S浓度高则会使叶片叶绿体基粒片层致密、浓缩，无规则化，根系细胞发生质壁分离。

Glucokinase, also called hexokinase Ⅳ, which catalyses glucose phosphorylation in hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells, is a key component of the glucose sensing machinery in mammals and plays a fundamental role in glucose homeostasis.

葡萄糖激酶(Glucokinase，GK)即Ⅳ型己糖激酶(Hexokinase，HK)，主要作用是催化肝细胞和胰岛β细胞内的葡萄糖磷酸化为6磷酸葡萄糖，该步反应是细胞内葡萄糖代谢的初始反应，也是限速步骤之一，因此葡萄糖激酶又称为细胞的葡萄糖感受机制，在维持血糖稳定方面起着关键的作用。

The quantities of starch grains in the two"cells"in micropyle part of embryosac gradually decrease and become unclear.With the further development of embryosac the starch grains in the central cell and antipodal cell disappear in succession,however,the egg cell does not.

在准极核移向胚囊中部前后，不同的功能性细胞有不同的表现，珠孔端的两个"细胞"淀粉粒数量逐渐减少并变得不明显，随着胚囊的进一步发育，其中中央细胞和反足细胞内的淀粉粒相继消失，但卵细胞内却一直保存着。

We discovered that the mechanisms of borneol opening BBB involved (1) promoting the tight junction of endothelial cells opening:(2) increasing the quantity of pinocytosis vesicle in endothelial cells and enhance the pinocytosis;(3) inhibiting the activation of P-glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein is an efflux pump of drugs) and increase the permeability of BBB;(4) reducing the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in brain microvessel endothelial cells;(5) increasing the concentration of Ca〓 in brain microvessel endothelial cells;(6) increasing the activation of eNOS in brain microvessel endothelial cells.

随后，在对冰片开放血脑屏障的机制作进一步的研究时又发现，冰片开放血脑屏障的机制包括以下几个方面：(1)冰片可使血脑屏障内皮细胞间的紧密连接开放；(2)冰片能使内皮细胞内的囊泡数量增加，吞饮功能增强；(3)冰片能抑制P-糖蛋白的活性（P-糖蛋白是一种药物外排泵），而使血脑屏障的通透性增加；(4)冰片能使脑微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达量减少；(5)冰片使脑微血管内皮细胞内的Ca〓浓度升高；(6)冰片可升高脑微血管内皮细胞eNOS的活性。

The quantities of starch grains in the two"cells"in micropyle part of embryosac gradually decrease and become unclear.With the further development of embryosac the starch grains in the central cell and antipodal cell disappear in succession,however,the egg cell does not.

在准极核移向胚囊中部前后，不同的功能性细胞有不同的表现，珠孔端的两个&细胞&淀粉粒数量逐渐减少并变得不明显，随着胚囊的进一步发育，其中中央细胞和反足细胞内的淀粉粒相继消失，但卵细胞内却一直保存着。

Using phalloidium staining we observed a sharp disappearance of the actin stress fibers, formation of extensive microvilli as demonstrated by the scanning microscopy and formation of typical bile canaliculi structures as confirmed by a monoclonal antibody to aminopeptidase N which is a BC specific antigen. The appearance of microvilli and BC suggested that selenium is able to elicit a differentiation reprogramming.

利用Rhodamine pholloidin 染细胞内的F-actin 显示出细胞内的stress fiber 大部分都消失；利用Scanning electron microscope可以检测到细胞表面有明显的microvilli 的结构；并且利用标定胆小管的特殊蛋白可以发现硒元素可以诱导HuH7 肝癌细胞分化产生胆小管的结构。

The mutant △RSD-9 K141D was subcloned into the pGEX-6p-1 expression vector and the △RSD-9 protein was purified by GST affinity chromatography and digested by Prescission Protease to cut the GST domain. Next, to further verify the intracellular interaction of RSD-9/△RSD-9 and rtSH3p13 proteins, laser confocalization study and co-immunoprecipitation method were used.

随后，我们又运用蛋白质在细胞内的荧光共定位实验和免疫共沉淀实验，在细胞内相互作用水平上，证明了RSD-9蛋白/△RSD-9蛋白都与rtSH3p13蛋白在胞内相互作用。

The results showed:(1) The histological changes of KC were in fact a wound-repair process;(2) The increased melanin in KC coordinated with "multi-overlapping screen" effect, a result of multiple layers of "supranuclear cap", was the direct cause of hyperpigmentation of the graft and (3) The hydrolytic disturbance of melanin in KC and the longer life span of the KC were probably the important reasons for the increase of melanin in the epidermis.

结果表明，角朊细胞的组织学改变实际上是一个损伤后修复的过程；角朊细胞内黑色素含量增加及出现的多层次的&核上帽&状分布而形成的&多重帘幕&效应，是皮片过度色素化的直接原因；黑色素在角朊细胞内的降解障碍及角朊细胞更新周期延长可能是表皮内黑色素含量增多的重要原因。

The cytochemistrialstaining was used to detect the activities of PAMs.The results showed that the activities of ACPaseat the early stage of postinoculation,the activities of glycogen or glycoprotein,ATPase and ANAEin PRRSV-infected PAMs were markedly decreased.

用酶组织化学染色法对感染PRRSV的仔猪肺泡巨噬细胞内的细胞化学成分进行了动态研究，发现PRRSV急性感染早期肺泡巨噬细胞ACPase活性减弱，感染后各时期肺泡巨噬细胞内糖类、ATPase和ANAE活性均减弱。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。