细胞

Review articles only; calretinin; fovea centralis; macula lutea; ora serrata; photoreceptors; rods; cones; optic tract; optic nerve; visual cortex; color vision; photoreception; opsin; rhodopsin; guanine nucleotide-binding protein; G protein-coupled receptors; ion channels (cyclic GMP-gated); guanylate cyclase; cyclic GMP; dark adaptation; visual pigments; polyenes; 11-cis-retinal; vitamin A; chromophores; arrestin; recoverin; phosducin; transducin; bipolar cells; retinal ganglion cells; retinal progenitor cells; amacrine cells; Mueller cells; light; retinogenesis; ommatidia; optic vesicles; retinitis pigmentosa; blindness; macular degeneration; blind spot; Mach bands; electroretinograms; binocular vision; visual acuity; vision; retina

唯一综述；钙网膜蛋白；中央凹；黄斑；锯齿缘；光感受器；杆状细胞；圆锥细胞；视束；视神经；直观皮层；色视觉；光感受；视蛋白；视紫质；鸟苷酸-结合蛋白；G蛋白-电偶受体；离子通道；鸟苷酸环化酶；环鸟苷酸；暗适应；视色素；多烯；11 - cis -视网膜；抗干眼醇；发色团；抑制蛋白；恢复蛋白；phosducin；转导蛋白；双极细胞；视网膜神经节细胞；视网膜祖细胞；无长突细胞；米勒细胞；光；retinogenesis；小眼；视泡；色素性视网膜炎；盲的黄斑变性；盲点；马赫带；视网膜电流图；双目视觉

On the morphological differentiation,by inducing of fetal calf serum,it wasshown that the cytotrophoblast cells underwent aggregation first,and the adjacentcytoplasm membranes became tightly contacted through desomosomes andcytoskeleton.Then the adjacent cytoplasm membranes disintegrated fragmentallyto form fusion pore-like structure.Finally the multinuclear cells formed and inwhich the intercellular desmosomes disappeared.Immunocytochemical stainingfurther demonstrated that the formation of syncytium was through cell membranefusion rather than the amitosis process.

细胞形态分化的研究结果表明：早孕胎盘来源的细胞滋养层细胞在血清诱导下，首先发生聚集，并通过桥粒和细胞骨架使相邻的细胞膜紧密接触；之后细胞膜发生片段断裂，形成融合孔样结构；细胞间桥粒消失，最终形成多核的合体细胞；免疫细胞化学分析进一步证实合体化是通过细胞膜融合而非无丝分裂（amitosis即细胞核分裂而细胞质不分裂）实现的。

There was an obvious increase of insulin receptor gene and protein in the cerebral ischemia reperfusion tissues in rats. The positive cells such as neuron, neuroglia cells, vascular endothelium cells possibly participated in regulating the processes of energy metabolism of cells and neovascularization. It implied that the high expressions of insulin receptors in vascular endothelium cells in ischemic zones possibly participated in regulating the pathophysiological changes of the blood vessels in ischemic zones; The higher expressions of insulin receptors in different cells were possibly one of the self-protective machanisms in which the ischemic tissues confront the anoxemia injury.

脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织胰岛素受体基因和蛋白水平表达增加；半暗带区神经元、部分神经胶质细胞及血管内皮细胞等阳染细胞可能参与脑缺血后组织细胞的能量代谢、促新生细胞形成等病理生理调节过程；胰岛素受体在缺血区血管内皮细胞高表达提示其可能在缺血区血管的病理生理变化中起某种调节作用；胰岛素受体在不同细胞中表达增高可能是缺血脑组织对抗缺血缺氧损伤的自身保护机制之一。

Methods:To produce antihuman DR5 monoclonal antibody(mDRA6) by immunizing BALB/c mice using DR5 protein. The change of DR5 expression after DDPtreated on HL60 cells was detected by FACS. Morphologic changes of HL60 cells were observed under fluorencence microscope. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of mDRA6 and DDP on HL60 cells were measured by MTT analysis. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.

DR5蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠，融合筛选抗DR5杂交瘤细胞，制备抗DR5单抗——mDRA6；流式细胞术测定顺铂对HL60细胞表面DR5表达及细胞凋亡率；荧光显微镜下观察mDRA6与顺铂协同作用下HL60细胞形态变化；MTT法测定不同浓度的顺铂与mDRA6对HL60细胞存活的影响；琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测mDRA6与顺铂联合对HL60细胞DNA片段化的影响。

And thaw, and cell fusion; Understanding the principles and operation procedures for autoradiograph; Mastering the skills of writing experiment reports and graphic drawing under microscope.

本课程是农业与生物学院本科学生的一门实验课程，本课程主要内容包括：掌握和了解普通光学显微镜、几种特殊显微镜和电镜的一般原理和使用方法；掌握显微镜临时标本的制备，会进行显微测量、细胞计数和染色体观察；初步观察细胞生理现象、细胞化学成分显示、染色体标本制备；掌握细胞培养、细胞冻存与复苏、细胞融合等技术的原理和方法；了解细胞放射自显影技术的原理和操作步骤；掌握实验报告的书写和镜下绘图的技能。

Was presented in 12 cases (24%) by bacterial isolation. By in-situ hybridization, PCV2 signals were chiefly distributed in interstitial and necrotic lesions, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and necrotic debris. PRRSV signals were mainly located at interstitial lesions and alveolar wall, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and epithelial cells of alveoli. Swine influenza virus could be found in interstitial and necrotizing lesions, and the signals could be found in macrophages-like cells, and epithelial cells of terminal bronchiole and alveoli.

另运用原位杂交法对PCV2、PRRSV及猪流行性感冒病毒进行检测，结果发现PCV2主要分布於PNP的间质及坏死病灶区，并能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞、巨噬细胞与坏死细胞碎片皆可见有病毒核酸；PRRSV则多分布於间质病灶区及肺泡壁处，能於巨噬细胞与肺泡上皮细胞见到病毒核酸；SIV则存在於间质及坏死病灶区，且能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞与巨噬细胞见有病毒核酸。

Objective: To study osteogenic capability of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells and biological characteristical identification in vitro in order to explore the appropriate methods of osteoblast culture in vitro and to select an idea source of seed cells for bone tissue engineer.

目的：研究兔骨髓基质细胞在体外培养条件下的成骨能力及生物学特性，探讨简便易行的成骨细胞体外培养方法，为组织工程选择理想的种子细胞来源。方法：取新西兰白兔骨髓液经离心后得骨髓单个核细胞，以1× 106／ml的细胞浓度进行培养，经传代培养，选择条件培养液培养(1640完全培养液中加入地塞米松10-8Smol／l，β-甘油磷酸钠10mmol／l，VitC 50μg／ml)作为骨髓基质细胞增殖和成骨的调节因子，通过倒置显微镜、HE染色、扫描电镜、碱磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase，ALP)测定、Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色和四环素荧光钙染色等手段对获得的细胞进行生物学特性研究。

Cumulative data have been documented that mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myotubes, neural-like cells, hematopoietic-supporting stroma and other non-hematopoietic cells derived from mesoblast or ectoblast.

大量研究表明，体外培养的骨髓间质干细胞在合适的诱导条件下，可分化为成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成肌细胞、成腱细胞和神经元样细胞等多种非造血组织特别是中胚层和神经外胚层来源的组织细胞。

Results: 1 The capacity of engulfment of A549 cells started enhancing at the 1h of preincubation with dexamethasone, reached the highest at the 4h of preincubation,At the 8h、24h of preincubation the capacity of engulfment evidently reduced. 2 Glucocorticoid cytosolic receptors antagonist RU38486 inhibited the improved engulfment ability by dexamethasone. 3Phagocytosing apoptotic eosinophils did not change the release of IL-6 and IL-8,but can inhibited the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. 4Increasely uptaking by dexamethasone also did not agitate the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 cells. Conclusion: 1Dexamethasome improve the phagocyte capacity for apoptotic eosinophils of A549 cells by glucocorticoid cytosolic receptors, and the effect presents time-dependently. 2Phagocytosis of apoptotic eosinphils can degrade inflammatory reflection, so it is likely to be critical in the control of asthma inflammation.

结果： 1 A549细胞在地塞米松诱导后1小时吞噬能力开始升高，4小时吞噬能力达最高峰，8小时、24小时吞噬能力明显下降 2加入RU38486后抑制了地塞米松所增强的吞噬能力 3凋亡嗜酸粒细胞的吞噬并不能改变A549细胞释放IL-6和IL-8，但能抑制脂多糖刺激A549细胞后IL-6、IL-8的分泌 4地塞米松增加的吞噬也不激发A549细胞释放IL-6和IL-8 结论： 1地塞米松促进A549细胞吞噬凋亡的嗜酸粒细胞是通过A549细胞糖皮质激素胞浆受体发挥作用的，并且具有时间依赖性 2 A549细胞吞噬凋亡的嗜酸粒细胞能降低炎症反应，对哮喘炎症的控制具有重要意义

Five models were used to investigate the "Changdong"" s anti-tumor effect: mice S180 sarcoma solid model, mice liver cancer H22 solid model, mice Lewis lung cancer model, as well as human liver cancer QGY and colon cancer LOVO implanted in naked mice; mice liver cancer H22 was also used to evaluate the enhancive effect of "Changdong" when it was co-applied with other anti-tumor agent or with radiotherapy; The "Changdong"" s cytotoxic effect in vitro on such tumors as QGY, LOVO, lung cancer A549, breast cancer MCF-7, as well as mice leukemia P388 was observed through MTT method. And investigate the effect of "Changdong" on proliferation of spleen lymphocyte, on activity of NK cell and on synthesis of IL-2 in mice bearing Lewis lung cancer, respectively. With propidium iodide straining, cell aigptosis and cell circle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Result:"Changdong" has an evident tumor inhibitive effect on mice tumor model as well as human tumor implanted in naked mice with a quantity-effect relationship.

使用小鼠S180肉瘤、小鼠肝癌H22实体瘤和小鼠Lewis肺癌模型，以及人体肝癌QGY和人体肠癌LOVO裸鼠异种移植模型，进行"长动"的抗肿瘤药效学研究：用小鼠肝癌H22进行"长动"合并放疗和化疗的增效作用研究；用MTT法进行"长动"对肝癌QGY、肠癌LOVO、肺癌A549、乳腺癌MCF-7、小鼠白血病P388等10株人体和动物肿瘤细胞的体外细胞毒性作用研究；用淋巴细胞转化试验、小鼠NK细胞活性试验、小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法分别测定"长动"对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响、自然杀伤细胞活性的影响和对小鼠产生白介素-2(IL-2)的影响；用流式细胞仪PI单染色法进行"长动"对人体肝癌QGY细胞的体外诱导凋亡作用和对肿瘤细胞周期的影响的研究。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。