细支气管的

Panacinar emphysema occurs with loss of all portions of the acinus from the respiratory bronchiole to the alveoli.

全腺泡型肺气肿发生时则出现从呼吸性细支气管到肺泡的腺泡所有部分全部扩张。

The respiratory portion begins when an air sac first arise which appears as an outpocketing of the bronchiole.

呼吸性细支气管：壁上有散在的肺泡开口，上皮为单层立方上皮，在肺泡开口处，移行为单层扁平上皮。

(1) FDG uptake was higher in bronchial alveolar carcinoma than that in normal lung tissue.

(1)细支气管肺泡癌组织的FDG摄取高于正常肺组织。

It is great value to the diagnosis of BAC with thin-section CT.

薄层CT扫描对细支气管肺泡癌的诊断很有价值。

The bronchi and bronchioles are tiny tubes through which air passes in and out of the body.

支气管和细支气管是指空气进出人体所经过的细小管道。

In early COPD, the CT findings are based on hyperplasia of glands and rupture of smooth muscles at bronchus and bronchiole.

早期表现为腺体增生，1级时即可出现细支气管壁平滑肌的断裂，2级时出现支气管壁平滑肌的断裂及胶原纤维的增多。

Jq Ez6_{0An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by H5N1 virus occurred in Vietnam, Japan and Korea, commencing in December, 2003. By February, 2004, it has been distributed widely in Asia and brought heavy losses. H5N1 are ball-like RNA viruses, birds can shed them via respiratory system, ocular secretions and feces, sometimes transferred to human and cause lethal infection. H5N1 patients have prominent features of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome,bronchiolar inflammation, necrosis of bronchial epithelium and organizing,diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial fibrosis.

2003年12月，H5N1型禽流感病毒在越南、日本和韩国爆发，到2004年2月，该病毒已在亚洲广泛蔓延并带来了巨大损失。H5N1是球型RNA病毒，禽类间可通过呼吸系统、眼分泌物和粪便传播，也可传染人类甚至导致死亡。H5N1感染者的特征是反应性噬血细胞综合征、细支气管炎症、支气管上皮坏死和机化、弥漫性肺泡病变和间质纤维化。

Acute and chronic bronchiolitis and peribronchiolitis are the essential pathological changes in COPD, and also are the key link of the structural remodeling of the pulmonary tissue and vessels.

急、慢性细支气管炎和细支气管周围炎是COPD的重要肺部病变，也是导致肺组织和血管构形重建的重要环节。

PaO2/FiO2 of both patients was less than 225 mm Hg.In both patients, high-resolution computed tomography scans at the exacerbation showed typical signs of IPF including peripheral predominant, basal predominant reticular abnormality, with honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis,and newly developing alveolar opacity.

呼吸困难分别在1周和半月内加重；2例患者氧合指数均小于225 mm Hg；急性加重时2例患者HRCT表现为两下肺分布的网状影、蜂窝影、牵拉性细支气管扩张和支气管扩张等典型的IPF表现，并出现新的磨玻璃影。

objective to compare image manifestations values between high resolution computerized tomography and x-ray chest film in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in the elderly.methods we analysed and compared image manifestations between hrct and x-ray chest film with 12 cases of clinically suspected iip in the elderly.results ct and hrct had more sensitivity and specificity than x-ray chest film.there were more image manifestations in hrct such as grand grass,net,line,nodular,honeycombing,bronchiectasis,honeycombing cyst,peribronchovascular interstitial thickening and irregularity.there were significant difference between them （p.05）.these patients who were suspected iip had better control and remission after being treated with hormone and immuno-suppressive drug.conclusion it have more significant virtues in hrct to manifest iip in the elderly than x-ray chest film,and it also may manifest iip curative effect.

目的 比较高分辨断层摄影术、x线胸片检查对老年特发性间质性肺炎的诊断价值。方法对12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的老年患者，进行胸部hrct与胸部平片检查，并对照分析。结果胸部ct在诊断方面比常规胸片有较大的优越性，hrct则有更高的敏感性和特异性，hrct表现出磨玻璃影、网状、线条、小结节、蜂窝影，支气管扩张、细支气管扩张、支气管壁和血管壁增厚及不规则等征象，12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的患者，经胸部hrct诊断的12例，而胸部平片诊断的仅有2例，二者比较差异有显著性（p.05），hrct疑诊的iip患者，经临床激素及免疫抑制剂治疗，病情均得到控制或缓解。结论 hrct表现老年间质性肺炎的特点明显高于胸部平片，且hrct可以反映间质性肺炎的疗效。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。