细支气管

Was presented in 12 cases (24%) by bacterial isolation. By in-situ hybridization, PCV2 signals were chiefly distributed in interstitial and necrotic lesions, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and necrotic debris. PRRSV signals were mainly located at interstitial lesions and alveolar wall, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and epithelial cells of alveoli. Swine influenza virus could be found in interstitial and necrotizing lesions, and the signals could be found in macrophages-like cells, and epithelial cells of terminal bronchiole and alveoli.

另运用原位杂交法对PCV2、PRRSV及猪流行性感冒病毒进行检测，结果发现PCV2主要分布於PNP的间质及坏死病灶区，并能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞、巨噬细胞与坏死细胞碎片皆可见有病毒核酸；PRRSV则多分布於间质病灶区及肺泡壁处，能於巨噬细胞与肺泡上皮细胞见到病毒核酸；SIV则存在於间质及坏死病灶区，且能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞与巨噬细胞见有病毒核酸。

The result showed a thick and dense distribution of bronchus and bronchiole of asthma group; a sparse distribution in respiratory bronchiole and pulmonary alveoli; some positive fibers extrude the epithelium mucosae into the alveoli.

结果发现哮喘组肺内支气管及细支气管阳性纤维增粗、分布密集度显著增加；在呼吸性细支气管及肺泡亦偶有分布；有部分阳性纤维经粘膜上皮内伸出并暴露于管腔内。

Machine of concealed source sex turns a sex pneumonic is one kind a qualitative sex that names with clinical pathology is pneumonic, COP was 1985 Epler [the pathology performance that 1] offers is pulmonary alveolus inside, fine bronchus of sex of alveolar canal, breath and eventually the independent disease that end fine bronchus has granulation organization to form inside antrum is planted, say to send a gender especially again machine of fine bronchitic companion turns out-of-the-way sex the gender is pneumonic , will nearly 20 years report gradually grow in quantity, easy infection, n/med tuberculosis, tumour, as nodal as lung disease, other a disease of qualitative sex lung promiscuous, reached my courtyard to received vivid check of treated bronchus lens lung 2008 2007 now (8 case that TBLB) wins pathology to confirm are analysed as follows.

概要： 隐源性机化性肺炎是一类以临床病理命名的间质性肺炎，COP是1985年Epler等[1]提出的病理表现为肺泡内、肺泡管、呼吸性细支气管及终末细支气管腔内有肉芽组织形成的独立病种，又称特发性闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎，近20年来报道逐渐增多，易和肺部感染、结核、肿瘤、结节病、其他间质性肺疾病等混淆，现将我院2007年至2008年收治的支气管镜肺活检获得病理证实的8例病例分析如下。

When the mice pre - sensitized were infected with RSV, the pulmonary inflammation, lymphocyte and eosinophils infiltration and cell - collar peribronchiles were more severe in lung organization and bronchiole than those in the single RSV infection group.

结果病理检查证实小鼠感染RSV后发展为典型的间质性肺炎；致敏小鼠感染RSV后病变更明显，细支气管周围淋巴细胞浸润形成管套增厚，嗜酸细胞增多，炎性细胞浸润的细支气管比例显著增高。

The superficial microvascular networks were sparser, while the subpleural microvascular networks were denser. The superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional, and the anastomosing between the superficial blood vessels with the subpleural vessels. According to the branching sequence of the subpleural arteriole, it could be divided into the arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn. The subpleural capillary networks were mainly web-like, while small holes were also found on the cast. The honeycomb vascular networks were various in size and form at a low magnification. The outline of alveolus, alveolar sac, alveolar duct and respiratory bronchiole and terminal bronchiole, made of microvascular networks, could be found in the cut surface.

胸膜面浅层的微血管网稀疏，深层的胸膜下微血管网致密；胸膜面浅层的微血管与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行，与胸膜下微血管之间形成吻合连接；根据胸膜下微动脉连续分支的顺序，常可将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管四级；胸膜下毛细血管网主要以网络状的形式存在，但在铸型上均可见数量不等的"小孔状"结构；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构，可以见到由微血管网构成了肺泡、肺泡囊、肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管以及终末细支气管等结构的轮廓。

In the early stages of disease, the presence of peribronchiolar fibrosis can also result in an abnormal prominence of the centrilobular arteries, giving rise to an increased reticulation in the peripheral lung.

这里的peribrochiolar，首先是没有血管的字根，其次应该是细支气管，所以应该是"……细支气管周围……"

These findings indicate variable patterns of bronchiolar epithelial cytokine expression depending on the duration of CS exposure, and that complex mechanisms govern bronchiolar molecular dynamics in vivo.

此研究表明CS不同暴露时间导致细支气管上皮细胞因子表达的差异。这种复杂的机制支配着体内细支气管分子动力学。

Examination of the lungs of young smokers has revealed an accumulation of macrophages in the bronchiolar region and bronchiolitis.1 2 Phagocytosis of cigarette smoke-derived particles is obviously an important defense mechanism with which to neutralize and clear the toxic particulate fraction.

对年轻吸烟患者进行体检发现巨噬细胞在细支气管区积聚并产生细支气管炎症。对吸烟产生的微粒的进行吞噬作用显然是一项重要的防御机制，使有毒颗粒部分失效后并清除出去。

Inflammation per se may be responsible for mild airflow limitation.7 8 9 Indeed, it has been suggested that inflammation may lead to functional bronchiolar constriction by releasing mediators that may act directly on bronchiolar smooth muscle.10 The chronicity of inflammation would, in turn, produce other changes such as airways fibrosis, and may increase the smooth muscle mass either directly as a result of inflammation or indirectly as a result of chronically increased muscle tone.

炎症本身导致了气流限速轻微下降。而事实上它提示了由于释放的介质直接作用于细支气管平滑肌上，炎症引起了功能性细支气管的缢痕。慢性炎症反多来又会产生气道纤维化等其他改变，这样无论是炎症反应的直接影响结果，还是慢性肌紧张增高的直接影响结果，都会增加平滑肌质量。

In the early stages of disease, the presence of peribronchiolar fibrosis can also result in an abnormal prominence of the centrilobular arteries, giving rise to an increased reticulation in the peripheral lung.

这里的peribrochiolar，首先是没有血管的字根，其次应该是细支气管，所以应该是&……细支气管周围……&

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。