细地

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Birds and insects, even the gayest and most lawless, were concealed, abated, voiceless, folded in on themselves, up to absolutely nothing at all in the transfixed light and warmth but, the senses warned one, at any moment all would be on the turn to something else ---a runt of a leaf would suicidally loosen it grip, and fall; a bird would speak with tiny, sweet inanity; a less restful fish would nudge its mouth above the glass surface between the lily-pads, and prove it liquid and illusion; a shadow would hint its ultimate allegiance with midnight, owls, blackness, sleep, and its need immediately to lengthen a hair's-breadth, and become an infinitesimal degree cooler.

即使是最活泼淘气的虫鸟也悄悄地把身体蜷缩起来，不知躲到哪里去了。炙热的光线里好象一无所有，感觉却告诉你一定有些什么。所有的东西都随时会变一个样子：一片叶子可以自动脱落；一只鸟可以细声细气地说起话来；一尾不安静的鱼在百合花叶间轻啄，证明它们是只水中的幻象；一片阴影暗示着午夜，猫头鹰，黑暗，以及睡眠，它多么希望自己变大一点点使周围变得凉爽。

There is an ancient saying: After you have read up three hundred Tang poems, you can at least intone poems although you can't write them. This experience completely accords with the logical law of learning. You should absorb more language materials according to your actual level and interest in your English learning, open your mind, absorb as much as you can, and accumulate abundant language materials as many as possible, such as English songs, novels, newspapers, magazines, movies, and etc.

听和读，是输入和积累，也可以说是基于观察的学习(observation-based learning)，应该尽力模仿，每个音调和语调，每个字词和句子，从粗到细地模仿和吸收，要抱着一种不求甚解、顺其自然的态度才好，究竟什么时候该休息一段时间，让输入的语言材料在大脑内部按照个人的特点进行加工处理，这完全是因人而异的事情，当你觉得你的头脑被很多语言材料充满，就像茶杯已经倒满了水，如果再继续往茶杯里倒水，只会溢出来，好了，抓住那个临界点，开始休息。

The "twig" is a stick insect, a magnificent specimen of the Phasmatodea clan, its outer sheath a persuasive rendering of striated bark, its tubular body and head punctuated by fake axillary buds and leaf scars—the little knobs and notches that make a twig look twiggy.

那"细枝"是一只竹节虫，它极好地代表了竹节虫目这一神奇的种群，它的外鞘像极了皱巴巴的树皮，以假乱真的花苞和叶痕点缀在它管状的身体和头部——这些细小的凸起和凹陷让这根"细枝"看起来更像是很多细枝拼接起来的。

There were 22 pollinating insect species belonging to 4 orders and 11 families, among which, native bee species Megachile abluta, M. spissula, Xylocopa valga, Andrena parvula and Anthophora melanognatha were the main pollinators. M. abluta, M. spissula and X. valga were of uni-peak type with diurnal foraging activities trom 11:30 to 15:30, while A. parvula and A. melanognatha were of double-peak type with diurnal foraging activities on 9:30-11:30 and 16:30-18:30, indicating a complementary relationship among the pollinators. The main pollinators had significant differences in their tripping frequency and landing time, and their foraging behaviors were correlated with their body sizes.

结果表明：苜蓿访花昆虫共计22种，分别属于4个目，11个科，根据弹花效率初步确定鳞地蜂、黑颚条蜂、净切叶蜂、细切叶蜂和紫木蜂为河西地区主要传粉昆虫；主要传粉昆虫的日活动规律出现单峰型和双峰型2种，净切叶蜂、细切叶蜂和紫木蜂属于前者，只在11：30-15：30出现一个活动高峰，而鳞地蜂与黑颚条蜂则为双峰型，在9：30-11：30和16：30-18：30分别出现访花高峰，不同的传粉昆虫之间存在互补关系；主要传粉昆虫的弹花频率和小花停留时间存在显著差异，且访花行为与野生蜂体型紧密相关。

There is a significantly difference between the tubular widthes of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermic patients. The large number of intratubular germ cells within those tubules with active spermatogenesis cause those tubules to be larger than tubules without sperm production.

而藉由测量细精小管，我们得知造精功能受损患者的细精小管管径明显地较具正常造精功能的细精小管细，原因为造精作用活跃的细精小管内生殖细胞较多，因而造成有精子生成的细精小管管径明显的较没有精子生成的细精小管粗。

The "twig" is a stick insect, a magnificent specimen of the Phasmatodea clan, its outer sheath a persuasive rendering of striated bark, its tubular body and head punctuated by fake axillary buds and leaf scars—the little knobs and notches that make a twig look twiggy.

那&细枝&是一只竹节虫，它极好地代表了竹节虫目这一神奇的种群，它的外鞘像极了皱巴巴的树皮，以假乱真的花苞和叶痕点缀在它管状的身体和头部——这些细小的凸起和凹陷让这根&细枝&看起来更像是很多细枝拼接起来的。

Obtained by taking each component of gross national product in as fine detail as possible and deflating it from current data.

该指数尽可能细地抽取国民生产总值的各个组成部分，从现有数据中折算得出。

Listening and reading can be regarded as input and accumulating. They belong to observation-based learning. You should try your best to imitate very pronunciation and intonation, every word and sentence. You should imitate and absorb from the rough to the subtle with a let-go attitude. It's a personal matter to determine when you should have rest for a period of time and let imported language materials can be processed in your brain according to your own character. When you feel that your head is stuffed with many language materials just like a teacup full of water, it will overflow if you continue to pour water into it. OK, grasp that turning point and begin to rest.

听和读，是输入和积累，也可以说是基于观察的学习(observation-based learning)，应该尽力模仿，每个音调和语调，每个字词和句子，从粗到细地模仿和吸收，要抱着一种不求甚解、顺其自然的态度才好，究竟什么时候该休息一段时间，让输入的语言材料在大脑内部按照个人的特点进行加工处理，这完全是因人而异的事情，当你觉得你的头脑被很多语言材料充满，就像茶杯已经倒满了水，如果再继续往茶杯里倒水，只会溢出来，好了，抓住那个临界点，开始休息。

Listening and reading can be regarded as input and accumulating. They belong to observation-based learning. You should try your best to imitate very pronunciation and intonation, every word and sentence. You should imitate and absorb from the rough to the subtle with a let-go attitude. It's a personal matter to determine when you should have rest for a period of time and let imported language materials can be processed in your brain according to your own character. When you feel that your head is stuffed with many language materials just like a teacup full of water, it will overflow if you continue to pour water into it. OK, grasp that turning point and begin to rest.

听和读，是输入和积累，也可以说是基于观察的学习(observation-based learning)，应该尽力模拟，每个音调和语调，每个字词和句子，从粗到细地模拟和吸收，要抱着一种不求甚解、顺其自然的态度才好，究竟什么时候该休息一段时间，让输入的语言材料在大脑内部按照个人的特点进行加工处理，这完全是因人而异的事情，当你觉得你的头脑被很多语言材料布满，就像茶杯已经倒满了水，假如再继续往茶杯里倒水，只会溢出来，好了，抓住那个临界点，开始休息。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。