组织细胞

Through all this test analyse Pathogenicity and Immunological status of ALV-J Inner Mongolia strain, the result showed the infected chickens began to have pathological change of Myelcytomatosis at 3-week: the main pathological changes of acidophile myelocyte were found in bone marrow and between cardiac muscle fibers,and there were many granules in the hyalotome.This kind of oncocyte proliferated in every tissue at different amount, but the cells that proliferated in bone marrow, cardiac muscle fiber, oarium were much more than other tissue, and they often developed neoplasma. At same condition,there were no abnormalty advent in control group, In immunological aspect: the increase of lymphokine and ANAE positive cells showed cell-mediated immunity was strengthend during antineoplastic infection; the emergence of ALV-J antibody of ELISA suggest there was humoral immunity exist at the same time.

结果显示：脾脏PCR检测结果表明1、2两实验组均有阳性病例出现，而对照组全部为阴性，说明实验鸡体内已有ALV-J内蒙株感染；接种病毒后3周龄开始出现骨髓细胞瘤病的病理变化：肝脏、脾脏有程度不同的肿大，镜下观察，骨髓内最早出现了与骨髓细胞相似、形态基本一致的大型圆形或椭圆形、胞核较大多为椭圆形、胞浆内含有大量嗜酸性圆形颗粒的髓细胞样瘤细胞增生，随后通过血流瘤细胞可转移到肝脏、心肌、卵巢或睾丸等组织并形成肿瘤性病灶，而对照组没有出现明显病变；免疫状态方面：以脾脏淋巴因子和ANAE阳性细胞增多说明细胞免疫在抗肿瘤感染过程中增强，ELISA检验实验鸡抗体出现阳性的结果表明同时也存在着体液免疫。

Objective: To study osteogenic capability of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells and biological characteristical identification in vitro in order to explore the appropriate methods of osteoblast culture in vitro and to select an idea source of seed cells for bone tissue engineer.

目的：研究兔骨髓基质细胞在体外培养条件下的成骨能力及生物学特性，探讨简便易行的成骨细胞体外培养方法，为组织工程选择理想的种子细胞来源。方法：取新西兰白兔骨髓液经离心后得骨髓单个核细胞，以1× 106／ml的细胞浓度进行培养，经传代培养，选择条件培养液培养(1640完全培养液中加入地塞米松10-8Smol／l，β-甘油磷酸钠10mmol／l，VitC 50μg／ml)作为骨髓基质细胞增殖和成骨的调节因子，通过倒置显微镜、HE染色、扫描电镜、碱磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase，ALP)测定、Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色和四环素荧光钙染色等手段对获得的细胞进行生物学特性研究。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；neuroprogenitor细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；底板；神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层神经脊；神经板；底板；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经脊；神经板；底板神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Neuroectoderm; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索成神经细胞神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

Results: the positive cells mostly included ependymal cells of myelocoele, glial cells, anterior horn motor neurons, and epithelial cells of spinal pia mater and their expressions were mainly located on cell membrane. interestingly, aqp4 distribution in glial cells and ependymal cells showed certain directivity, but the former was mainly in the membrane side contacting with capillary endothelial cells and the latter mostly in the basolateral membrane of ependymal cells.

结果： 免疫组织化学染色和原位杂交结果显示胶质细胞、前角运动神经元、中央管室管膜细胞、软脊膜上皮细胞均表达阳性，aqp4主要分布于细胞膜，其中，胶质细胞和中央管室管膜细胞表达存在极性，前者主要分布在与毛细血管内皮细胞接触的一侧，后者主要分布在中央管室管膜细胞的基底侧膜。

The results of immuhistochemistry show: compared with normal retina, more 3-NT-positive cells and iNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; less eNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer and vascular endoderm of diabetic retina; less nNOS -positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; more ET-positive cells, ETRA- positive cells, ETRB- positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; moreα- synuclein- positive cells appear in ocular cone and rod layer of diabetic retina. Conclusions 1. RFDD-PCR is an efficient technique for research diseases genomics as a mass screening to complete gene expression with the identifying of candidate gene related to disease.

免疫组织化学结果显示：13-NT和NOS：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，INL的3-NT和iNOS免疫阳性细胞明显增多，INL和血管内皮层的eNOS阳性细胞明显减少，INL的nNOS阳性细胞也明显减少；2ET及ETR：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，ET、ETRA、ETRB免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于INL，而在血管内皮层增多不明显；3α-synuclein：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，α-synuclein免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于视网膜视锥视杆层。

The authers fetched the embryo calvarial peristeum tissue, got human osteoblast by enzyme-assimilating methods and tissue-block culture methods. We observed the morphological change, growth feature and osteogentic capability, of osteoblast during culture in vitro with phase contrast invert microscope, drew the growth curre and identified the cells by alkaline phosphatase dye. At same time, the morphology and bioactivity of 3-5th-generation osbeoblast and anabiotic cells was studied comparatively. 2. titanium particles were examined by scanning electron and the size was determined by semi-automated image analysis. The 3-5 th gereration of human osteoblast were cultured in medium with different concentration of particulates titanium alloy (1mg/ml, 0.1mg/ml, 0.01mg/ml). Cell growth and proliferation was detected by MTT method after 2、4、6 days that particles were added into medium and ALP activity was measured by kit after 4、7、10 days respectively. 3. With above same methods,the 3-5th generation of human osteoblasts were cultured for 3、6、9days after different concentration of particulates titanium alloy (1mg/ml, 0.1mg/ml, 0.01mg/ml) were added into the medium and OPG gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR.

1、取人胚胎颅骨骨膜，采有用酶消化法和组织培养法获取成骨细胞体外培养并传代，观察细胞形态，生物特点及成骨特性，并绘制生长曲线同时碱性磷酸酶染色鉴定成骨细胞以及比较冻存前3-5 代与冻存后成骨细胞的特点。2、电镜下观察钛合金颗粒的形态并测量其粒径，将不同浓度的钛合金颗粒(1mg/ml，0.1mg/ml，0.01mg/ml)与成骨细胞共同培养，分别于第2、4、6 天用MTT 法测量细胞增殖情况及4、7、10天用试剂盒检测碱性磷酸酶活性。3、分别将不同浓度的钛合金颗粒(1mg/ml，0.1mg/ml，0.01mg/ml)与成骨细胞基因培养3、6、9 天用RT-PCR 方法半定量测定骨保护素基因mRNA 的表达。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。