组织细胞

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

The results showed that compared with soil culture, the root cap was not obvious with less amyloplast and polysaccharose substance under water culture. The root epidermis under water culture was thinner than that of soil culture, with little root hair or not, in which cortex parenchyma tissue developed with big cell, solution proliferative aerenchyma in intercellular space, and thin cell wall. However, the root cap under soil culture was big, with strong PAS reaction and no aerenchyma tissue.

结果表明：水培后根冠不明显，淀粉体较少，多糖类物质较少而土培根根冠体积较大，淀粉体较多，多糖类物质多，土培根PAS反应强烈；水培根表皮厚度比土培根小，水培根根毛少或退化消失；水培根皮层薄壁组织发达，细胞大型，壁薄，细胞间隙中含有溶生性通气组织，土培根皮层未见通气组织。

Abstract］ objective to study the pathological features and histopathological type and differential diagnosis of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.methods the clinicopathological characteristics of 40 cases of fnh were studied.all were evaluted by use of paraffin embedded sections and he staining before light microcope observation.results there were 28 females and 12 males fnh patients whose age were from 16 to 62 years（median 41.3）,all alpha-fetoprotein was negative and had no hepatitis history.25 cases were classic type showed characteristic central stellate fibrotic scar,composed of fibrous connestive tissue and tortuous blood vessels.8 cases were telangiectic type,the left were mixed type and adenomatoid type.conclusion fnh is a reactive proliferation of hepatic cells to local blood vessel anomalies,it is not realy a tumor.its differential diagnosis includes hepatic adenomatous hyperplasia nodule,hepatic anaplasia nodular hyperplasia,fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma.

目的 探讨肝局灶性结节性增生的病理形态特点、组织分型及鉴别诊断。方法分析40例肝局灶性结节性增生的临床资料，并采用石蜡包埋he染色光镜下观察其组织学特点。结果 40例肝局灶性结节性增生患者中，女28例，男12例，年龄18~62岁，平均年龄41.3岁，所有病例术前均无肝炎病史，甲胎蛋白阴性，组织学上25例为经典型，有特征性的中央纤维瘢痕，由纤维结缔组织及扭曲血管组成。8例为毛细血管扩张型，其余为混合型及腺瘤样增生型。结论肝结节性增生是一种肝细胞对局部血管的异常反应性增生，并非真性肿瘤，主要与肝腺瘤样增生性结节、肝间变性结节状增生、肝纤维板层癌及肝细胞腺瘤鉴别。

METHODS: Autologous whole blood was injected into the vitreous cavity of albino rabbits after canalization, thus induced experimental PVR model. Concentration of PDGF.

采用眼穿通伤+注血法制备PVR模型，进行眼底及常规组织病理学观察，ELISA法检测玻璃体中血小板源性生长因子的浓度，用免疫组织化学方法观察增生膜与血管内皮细胞表面血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）及细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）的表达。

In recent years,masenchymal stem cells have been applied in cartilage tissue engineering and they have shown significant potenital for carriage repair in animal models,and are being used as an ideal cell source in cartilage tissue engineering.

：间充质干细胞具有高度自我新能力，能够分化各类型的细胞近20年间充质细胞在软骨组织工程中得到应用，动物实验显示了良好的软骨修复潜能，成为软骨组织工程的理想的细胞来源。

Then the intracellular calcium concentration of neurons was measured by laser confocal scanning microscope , represented by the mean intracellular fluorescent intensity. On the ice, the cerebral cortical tissue at the infarction margin of the section after optic chiasm was rapidly dissociated about 100mg, then made into brain homogenate in low temperature. The high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the Glu, Asp and Gly contents in homogenized brain tissue.

视交叉平面用2％TTC染色，用图像处理软件计算出脑梗死面积占该片脑组织面积的百分比；取视交叉前平面梗死边缘区皮层组织约100mg，用酶消化法制作神经细胞悬液，用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测皮层神经元细胞内游离钙离子浓渡，以细胞平均的荧光强度代表细胞内钙浓度；冰上迅速分离视交叉后梗死边缘区皮层组织约100mg，于低温下制作脑组织匀浆，用高效液相色谱法测定皮层匀浆中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸的含量。

In addition, using RT-PCR to detect expression of centrin homogene during Urechis unicinctus spermatid deferentiation and early embryonic development. The result revealed that (1) expression of HsCEN1 homogene is present during spermatid defferentiation including spermtid and sperm, but not in adult tissues including body wall tissue,intestinal mucous memberane cells and cell in coelom succus;(2) expression of HsCEN1 homogene is not present in unfertilized oocytes but present in that of released polar bodies after fertilization and parthenogenesis oocytes treated with A23187;(3) expression of HsCEN1 homogene is present during early embryonic development including two-cell stage,multicell stage,gastrula to trochophora.

我们还用RT-PCR方法检测了Centrin同源基因在单环刺螠精子分化过程和早期胚胎发育过程的表达，结果显示：在单环刺螠精子发生过程中的精细胞、精子团、精子中都有表达，而在成体的体壁组织、消化道组织、体腔球中则没有表达；在未受精卵中没有表达，而在受精后释放极体的受精卵和经A23187孤雌激活的卵中则有表达；在单环刺螠的早期发育过程——二细胞胚胎、多细胞胚胎、原肠胚、早期担轮幼虫——中都有表达。

Then we hypothesize that mesenchyma stem cells from DAC are heterology,which have the potential ability to regenerate root/periodontal complex structures as a new kind of seed cells. Therefore, this study focuses on characteristics of the mesenchyma stem cells at tooth root developing stage and the evaluation of the possibility of being seeds cells.

因此，本研究拟对牙根发育期相关间充质干细胞的生物学特性进行研究，探讨其作为种子细胞在牙根/牙周组织工程中应用的可行性，以期为组织工程化牙根/牙周组织构建优选新的种子细胞。

Six days after inoculation, the cucumber root tip was slightly swollen and symmetrical root-knots were observed at the meristematic and elongation zones. Giant cells were differentiated by previous cambium cells in the center of the root; 10days after inoculation, symmetrical and secondary root-knots were observed at the root hair and upper zones. Vessels were separated by giant cells, around which protoxylem vessels were observed; l6days after inoculation, hypo-vascular tissue appeared earlier than normal; 20-30 days after inoculation, the vertical arrangement of vessels was disordered, shape was distorted and a new vascular tissue appeared in the cortex.

结果显示：接种后6 d的根尖分生区、伸长区出现膨大、对称的根结，根中心的原形成层细胞分化出巨型细胞；10 d在根毛区及以上部位出现既有对称又有偏于一侧的根结，周围有原生木质部导管出现，根结中巨型细胞阻断了导管；16 d次生维管组织提早出现；20~30 d导管纵向排列无序，形状扭曲，皮层中有新维管组织产生。

Results VEGF and PLGF were mainly expressed in trophoblast, next in decidua and endothelial cells, and also in stroma.

结果 各组孕妇胎盘组织中的VEGF和PLGF主要分布于滋养叶细胞，其次是蜕膜组织，绒毛血管内皮细胞和部分间质细胞也有表达。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！