组织细胞

One hand mechanical obstruct led to the increase of veinous resistance and the obstacle of microcirculation, the other hand the adhesive PMN was activated in excess, the white blood cells released a lot of enzymes, in which PMN-elastase can decompose the components of cell and many albumens, inclusive of immunoglobulin、alexin and fibrication. These components induced the injury of the pancreatic capillary vessels and cell and lysosome enzy made the tissue protein hydrolyze and produced unsaturated fatty acids, which destroyed the structure and function of cellar membrane. The inflammatory cellar factors activate other immunocytes to produce the injury and necrosis of tissue, which aggravated the pathological injury and led to shock、pyaemia and MODS. So ICAM-1 and LFA-1 played an important role in SAP. Frossard found that the expression of ICAM-1 in the rat model, especially in serum、pancreas and lung. All these showed ICAM-1 is an important factor in AP and concomitant lung injury.

胰腺小叶组织局部血管EC首先被激活，ICAM-1表达升高，与被激活的PMN表面表达的LFA-1相结合，"PMN-EC"相互作用加剧，一方面机械性阻塞毛细血管导致静脉阻力增加、微循环障碍；另一方面粘附的PMN过度吞噬或激活，当白细胞吞噬的颗粒不能被封闭隔离，连同细胞内的酶被释放出来，其中的PMN-elastase能够降解细胞基质中各种成分，水解多种蛋白，加重胰腺的毛细血管内皮细胞和腺泡的损伤；释放的溶酶体酶使组织蛋白水解，产生的不饱和脂肪酸引发脂质过氧化方应，破坏细胞膜的结构和功能；释放的炎性细胞因子，激发其他的免疫细胞的功能，导致进一步的组织损伤和坏死，加重SAP的病理损伤，最终导致休克、脓毒血症及多器官功能障碍等严重后果。

The results showed that the structure of mammary gland without leptin keep normal and there were little apoptosis cells in them. But in explants with leptin, the duct and gland alveolus collapsed and the apoptosis cells increased. It showed that leptin induced mammary gland apoptosis

结果显示，不加瘦素培养的组织形态保持较好，凋亡细胞较少；加瘦素培养组织的导管和腺泡结构已经开始发生解体，组织中有较多的凋亡细胞，证明瘦素在退化期乳腺组织中可明显诱导细胞凋亡。

Objective The origin and the nature of the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell of Hodgkins lymphoma has been attracting a lot of medical researchers engaged in studying it,for its character by scattered large atypical cells residing in a complex admixture of inflammatory cells.Great improvement has been made since a new method of isolation of single H/RS cells from a frozen section had been set up by KUppers in 1994,and many studies have approved of the B-cell derivation of H/RS cell.lt has been reported that H/R-S cells might partly be originated from B-cell in our research before,but at the same time,we also found that only 18.8% of H/RS cells express CD20,31.3% of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement have been revealed.

目的 霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkins lymphoma，HL)由于它的恶性肿瘤细胞—H／RS细胞一般只占肿瘤组织的极少部分(不到1％)，且散在分布在背景细胞间，因此对于H／RS细胞的来源和性质研究一直是人们探索的目标。1994年德国科隆大学Kūppers等发展了一种从冰冻组织切片上用显微操作仪挑取单个H／RS细胞的显微切割方法进行H／RS细胞基因分析后，人们对H／RS细胞来源的研究有了突破性的进展，多数支持B细胞来源。

Methods Immunohistochemistry of streptavidin-perosidase method was applied in the observation of the expression of TIAF-1 in each group, including tissues obtained from the unaffected part of nephrectomized kidneys with renal cell carcinoma (n=6) and cadaveric donor of normal kidneys (n=8) as the control group, tissues with acute rejection (AR, n=16) and those with chronic rejection (CR, n=28), and in the analysis combined with the number of positive cells of CD3, CD20 and CD68 infiltrated in the interstitium.

采用SP免疫组织化学染色法对6例因肾细胞癌行肾切除的未受肿瘤侵犯的正常肾组织和8例供肾正常肾组织、16例急性排斥反应和28例慢性排斥反应移植肾组织中TIAF-1的表达进行观察，并对间质浸润细胞中CD3、CD20、CD68阳性细胞数进行分析。

The results show:the above two species of Flos lonicerae's palisade parenchyma are composed of 1 layer of cylindrical cells.But in karst areas variety palisade parenchyma is cylindrical cells .Palisade and spongy tissue have distinctly differentiation.,are both bifacial leaf.

研究结果表明：以上2种金银花栅栏组织的层数均为一层，有栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化，均为异面叶；但岩溶地区的栅栏细胞为圆柱形，非岩溶地区的栅栏细胞为长柱形；岩溶地区品种的上下表皮细胞明显比非岩溶地区的品种大，并且其栅栏组织和海绵组织的排列较非岩溶地区品种紧密；气孔都仅分布在下表皮，气孔类型为肾形，岩溶地区气孔密度大。

General characteristics of cells, its chemical constituents ( protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid), cell structure , cell cycle, cell division, four kinds of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous), organ, ten organ systems (dermal, skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endosecretory, nervous, and reproductive).

细胞的一般特征，细胞的化学组成(蛋白质，核酸，糖类，脂类)，细胞的结构，细胞周期，细胞分裂(无丝分裂，有丝分裂，减数分裂)，四大组织(上皮组织，结缔组织，肌肉组织，神经组织)，器官，十大系统(皮肤系统、骨骼系统、肌肉系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、排泄系统、内分泌系统、神经系统和生殖系统)。

Histologically,the activity of cell division in scutellar epithelium and callus cluster derived from it was higher in cultivar Aikoku than Moritawase.Moreover different types of differentiation in the epithelial callus were observed,the rootlike structures and globular cell clusters with epidermislike structure were found in the calli of cultivar Moritawase and Aikoku respectively.

组织学的观察表明，Aikoku的种胚盾片上皮组织以及由上皮细胞起源的愈伤组织的细胞分裂活性高于Moritawase；而且在上述2个品种中还观察到不同的细胞分化类型，在Aikoku的愈伤组织中观察到了带有表皮状结构的圆形细胞块，而在Moritawase的愈伤组织中却观察到了根状结构。

One hand mechanical obstruct led to the increase of veinous resistance and the obstacle of microcirculation, the other hand the adhesive PMN was activated in excess, the white blood cells released a lot of enzymes, in which PMN-elastase can decompose the components of cell and many albumens, inclusive of immunoglobulin、alexin and fibrication. These components induced the injury of the pancreatic capillary vessels and cell and lysosome enzy made the tissue protein hydrolyze and produced unsaturated fatty acids, which destroyed the structure and function of cellar membrane. The inflammatory cellar factors activate other immunocytes to produce the injury and necrosis of tissue, which aggravated the pathological injury and led to shock、pyaemia and MODS. So ICAM-1 and LFA-1 played an important role in SAP. Frossard found that the expression of ICAM-1 in the rat model, especially in serum、pancreas and lung. All these showed ICAM-1 is an important factor in AP and concomitant lung injury.

胰腺小叶组织局部血管EC首先被激活，ICAM-1表达升高，与被激活的PMN表面表达的LFA-1相结合，&PMN-EC&相互作用加剧，一方面机械性阻塞毛细血管导致静脉阻力增加、微循环障碍；另一方面粘附的PMN过度吞噬或激活，当白细胞吞噬的颗粒不能被封闭隔离，连同细胞内的酶被释放出来，其中的PMN-elastase能够降解细胞基质中各种成分，水解多种蛋白，加重胰腺的毛细血管内皮细胞和腺泡的损伤；释放的溶酶体酶使组织蛋白水解，产生的不饱和脂肪酸引发脂质过氧化方应，破坏细胞膜的结构和功能；释放的炎性细胞因子，激发其他的免疫细胞的功能，导致进一步的组织损伤和坏死，加重SAP的病理损伤，最终导致休克、脓毒血症及多器官功能障碍等严重后果。

The research on the tissue culture and cell suspension culture showed that thesuitable culture medium for inducing bud was MS supplemented with 1.5mg/L 6-BAand 0.1mg/L NAA, and for the generation-continuing multiplication was MSsupplemented with 1.5mg/L 6-BA and 0.2mg/L NAA. The rooting medium was1/2MS supplemented with 0.5mg/L IBA and the rooting rate was 45.0%. Plantletsurvival after transfer to sand was 52.5%.The induction rate of calli was66.7%～86.6% and the optimum medium was MS medium with 0.5mg/L 6-BA and2.0mg/L 2,4-D. The calli became smallest partical size, friable and had gooddispersion ability after 3 times successive transfer culture, the optimum medium wasMS medium with 0.2mg/L 6-BA and 2.0mg/L 2,4-D. Culturing these particles on sixkinds of MS liquid media with different hormone contents, the optimum medium wasselected basing on he change of the density of single-cell, the density of cellaggrefate and the mass of cell.

对蒜头果进行的组织培养与细胞悬浮培养研究结果表明：MS+6-BA1.5mg／L+NAA0.1mg／L+蔗糖3％激素组合能够较好地诱导芽的初始分化和增殖，适宜的芽苗继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.5mg／L+NAA0.2mg／L+蔗糖3％；采用1／2MS+IBA0.5mg／L+蔗糖3％为生根培养基，生根率为45.0％；移栽到河沙的生根苗成活率为52.5％；愈伤组织诱导率为66.7％～86.6％，其中以MS+6-BA0.5mg／L+2，4-D2.0mg／L+蔗糖3％的培养基最佳，其诱导出的愈伤组织具有较强的增殖能力和较好的脆散结构，最佳继代培养基为MS+6-BA0.2mg／L+2，4-D2.0mg／L+蔗糖3％，且培养基中的6-BA与2，4-D浓度的比值越小，愈伤组织生长越快，结构越脆散，增殖率越高；将继代后的愈伤组织转入6种含不同激素浓度组合的MS液体培养基中进行振荡培养，在综合分析各培养基的单细胞密度，细胞团块密度，细胞生物量增长率等指标后，初步筛选出MS+6-BA0.2mg／L+2，4-D2.0mg／L培养基为较好的液体培养基。

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of RERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotrans-plantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Afterpig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.57%) of pig cells occurred widel, and there was phenomena of integration of PERV provirus (85.71%) in several organs or tissues remote from the injected sites, indicating infection of PERV in SCID mice in vivo. yet, there is no evidence of active viral replication in analysis of PERV env RNA of these tissues or organs.

为了解猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV在体外和体内的感染性，通过建立猪皮肤成纤维细胞系，将所建细胞系与人胚胎肾293细胞体外共培养，并移植于严重联合免疫缺陷鼠皮下进行猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV的体外和体内感染性实验，结果表明，猪皮肤成纤维细胞与人胚胎肾细胞共培养过程中，猪内源性逆转录病霉感染人胚胎肾细胞，进一步证实和拓宽了猪细胞PERV感染人细胞的范畴；猪皮肤成纤维细胞移植SCID鼠皮下后，导致SCID鼠发生猪细胞微嵌合(78.57%)和PERV在体内感染(85.71%)并且波及远离移植部位的多种组织或器官，但是并未检测出SCID鼠组织中表达PERV env RNA。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。