组织方法

Methods: 82 cases of gastric carcinoma and the tissues nearby were detected on Tissue Microarries which was made by Tissue Arrayer.

应用组织芯片仪制作了82例人胃癌组织及癌旁胃组织两套组织芯片；采用免疫组织化学方法检测其EPO、HIF-1a、CD105和CD34的表达。

This process aims at recapitulating the normal embryologic development of the organ of interest. The main difference between in vivo technology and in vitro technology is: in vitro technology emphasis on in vitro cell culture. It has special value for the specific tissue such as articular cartilage.

体内组织工程技术与体外组织工程技术的目标相同，都是实现组织完全再生；区别在于其达到再生的方法：体外组织工程技术强调细胞的体外培养，并使这些细胞产生功能，这对有些组织有特殊价值，如软骨。

Methods EOM specimens were obtained from 12 patients with severe TAO and 10 healthy subjects within 1 hour after accidental death and the paraffin-embedded sections were observed by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical methods.

方法收集手术治疗的12例严重的TAO患者的眼外肌组织标本及10例健康人意外死亡1 h内取出的眼外肌组织标本，4％中性甲醛固定24 h，石蜡包埋组织，作连续切片，采用免疫组织化学链霉卵白素·过氧化物酶连接法对12例严重TAO患者及10例健康人的眼外肌石蜡组织切片进行光学显微镜观察。

The information integrated pattern based on PDM/PLM in the course ofmanufacture is put forward. Under the constraints of building CAPP platform, thearchitecture of CAPP platform is established. The models of decision making andfunction for process planning are given. Then the development means of CAPP basedSmarTeam are extracted.3. The structure of modular product life cycle is established. Toward the divisionand planning of the General Modules oriented product family, theCAD/CAPP integrated model of flexible module based on feature and CAD/CAPPmapping model based on process planning match board are set up. The keytechnologies of Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP integration are studies.4. From the point of view of process match board and step match board, theprocess of creating to process planning match board is studied. As an example, themachining process planning of up beam of hydraulic press machines is used tointroduce the establishment of process planning match board by means of inferencebased on expert knowledge. The organize model about the process planning matchboard oriented product family is brought forward.5. The multi-decision methods of CAPP system based on analytic hierarchy aregiven.. On the basis of uniform data model, the sub-machining process planning ofpart is auto-created by means of analytic hierarchy, The step decision methods basedon AHP is put forward.6. For the design/manufacture information in the course of product life cycle, thetree structure based on Object-Oriented and static model based UML are founded. Themethod of establishing design/manufacture information management system isbrought forward. The commercial PLM software—SmarTeam is regarded asdevelopment platform, on basis of which, the design/manufacture informationmanagement system is built, and the multi-view mapping technique ofdesign/manufacture information model is studies.7. A computer-aided CAPP platform based on PDM/PLM is founded, and itsstructure, function, work flow is illustrated. Some example of the system areintroduced.

阐述课题提出的目的和意义，明确了本文研究的主要内容。2、提出基于PDM/PLM的制造过程信息化集成模式；在平台式CAPP系统的设计约束模型基础上，构建了平台式CAPP系统的体系结构；并给出工艺决策模型和功能模型；最后提出基于SmarTeam的CAPP开发模式和实现策略。3、建立模块化产品生命周期模型的组织结构；针对面向产品族的广义模块的划分和规划方法，建立基于特征的柔性模块CAD/CAPP集成模型及基于工艺模板的CAD/CAPP映射模型；研究Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP集成的关键技术。4、从工序模板和工步模板的角度研究了工艺模板的创建过程；以液压机上梁模块机加工为例，采用基于专家知识的推理技术实现了工艺模板的创成；提出了面向产品族的工艺模板分层结构树的组织模式。5、提出基于分层规划的多模式工艺决策流程；在统一数据模型的基础上，从特征层和零件层分层规划，实现了零件加工子工艺的自动创成；提出基于AHP的工步排序决策方法。6、针对产品生命周期中的设计/制造信息，建立了面向对象的类树结构和基于UML的静态结构模型；提出基于PDM/PLM软件的设计/制造信息管理系统的构建方法；以商品化PLM软件SmarTeam作为开发平台，开发了基于SmarTeam的设计/制造信息管理原型系统；研究设计/制造信息模型多视图映射机制。7、开发了基于PDM/PLM的平台式CAPP原型系统，构建了系统的功能模型，并对系统的主要功能进行说明，给出系统的运行实例。

Firstly, on the basis of analysis for development of industrial organization theory, the paper analyzes natural monopoly for electricity industry respectively from produce rule and determinant method, studying measure methods for monopoly degree for electricity generation market, analyzing quantitatively for natural monopoly output on the terms of cost subadditivity and analyzing current market structure for Chinese electricity industry with "Structure-Conduct-Performance" method of industrial organization theory.

在分析产业组织理论的发展动态的基础上，首先分别从生产规律特点和自然垄断的判定方法对电力产业进行自然垄断分析，研究了发电市场的垄断度的度量方法，依据成本劣可加性的定义对电力产业的自然垄断产出进行量化分析；同时按照产业组织理论的"S-C-P方法"分析了目前中国电力产业的市场结构。

①Rat MSC and VSMC were cultured and identified, respectively. MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly, and then co-cultivated with VSMC. The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed. Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen.②We established the regulatable system in two steps: a stable MSC line expressing rtTA has been constructed and characterized firstly by transfected with pUHD 17-1hyg and then selected by hygromycin B; in a second step, this line was used for trandfer the AT2R gene to MSC to get the well establishing double stable MSC lines;③The expression of AT2R regulated by doxycycline was evaluated by western blot;④The MSCs were transduced into rat carotid arteries with regulatable AT2R gene after the establishment of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The intimal/medial area ratio were measured by digital analysis system.

研究方法：(1)密度梯度离心法及胶原酶消化法分别培养原代大鼠MSC及VSMC，细胞共培养并行免疫荧光化学染色和透射电镜观察超微结构；(2)组成受Dox调控的哺乳动物表达系统的四种成分的转化、扩增及提纯并酶切鉴定；(3)采用常规分子生物学方法连续两个回合转染体外培养的MSC，并分别采用发光计检测不同细胞克隆萤光素酶活性改变以及RT-PCR方法检测AT2R目的基因mRNA表达情况，根据各个细胞克隆受Dox调控表达的程度，选择低背景、高诱导表达AT2R的细胞系，作为双重稳定MSC细胞系；蛋白免疫印迹法观察该细胞系在Dox调控下AT2R表达的时相性、持续性及在不同浓度Dox调控下的表达情况；(4)建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型，将双重稳定MSC在术中导入血管，分别于14 d、28 d进行病理切片，检测可调控AT2R对新生内膜增生的影响；采用RT-PCR免疫组织化学免疫荧光等技术观察AT2R基因在新生内膜中的表达以及细胞外基质成分表达的改变，TUNEL法检测血管组织中细胞凋亡的变化情况。

The maxillofacial and brain injuries were examined. Craniptomy was done to animals of impact injury 6 hours after damage, however it was done to animals of explosive injury in different time point (1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days after damage). The pathological characteristics of corelative tissues were examined in detail under light and electron microscopes. The content of LPO, SOD, NO in soft tissue, brain, blood, and cerebral water content were measured, compared with control. The distribution and tissue location of NOS were studied by histochemistical and immunohistochemistic methods. Their relationship was studied to assess the pathological and physiological characteristics of maxillofacial injuries and brain damage associated.

撞击伤各组动物于伤后6h、爆炸伤各组动物于伤后不同时期（1h、24h、72h、7d、14d）开颅检查颅脑损伤情况，切取伤区肌组织、左侧脑组织、脑干标本行光镜、电镜观察；测定伤后肌组织、脑组织与血中LPO、SOD、NO含量及脑水含量变化；并使用组织化学和免疫组织化学的方法，观察伤后脑组织中NOS的分布和组织定位，研究伤后机体的病理及病理生理学改变特点，以及颅脑损伤与机体自由基反应、NO含量改变之间的关系，证实其病理作用。

By suspending cell culture from the callus of P. thugbergii and by fluorescent observation, a new method, which is easy and sensitive to observe cell activity and to test the phytotoxicity of various bacteria, was used. This method can be utilized to study the bacterial toxins. Cultured filtrates of some strains of the nematode-carrying bacteria were bioassayed for their toxicity to suspending cultured cells from P. thugbergii callus. Strong toxic effects were observed by the filtrates of Pseudomonas spp., P. fluorescence, and Sphingomonas spp., these bacteria species are coincide with those in the early stage of pine wilt disease.

本试验使用了黑松愈伤组织的细胞悬浮培养方法，用荧光方法观察各种细菌对植物细胞的毒性测定，这种方法具对细胞的活性观察容易、灵敏度高等特点，证明可用于细菌的毒素研究；对松材线虫携带的细菌的部分菌株，用其培养滤液对黑松愈伤组织的悬浮培养细胞的生物测定初步证明，松材线虫携带的细菌中以假单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌和少动鞘氨醇单胞菌的滤液对黑松细胞具有较强的毒性，这与松树发病早期出现的细菌种类相一致。

In conclosion, this study developed a sensitive, genusspecific, non-radioactive test based on the 23S rRNA gene sequence of M. tuberculosis for detection of dormant tubercle bacilli in situ and analyzed the histological distribution of RTPCR-amplified TB 23S rRNA in latent infected murine tissues.

综上所述，本研究建立的IS RT-PCR检测感染组织中结核菌23S rRNA的方法，可望为临床提供一种适用于各种组织活检，支气管镜检，尸检和涂片等标本中结核菌rRNA基因特异性的快速、敏感的原位诊断方法，尤其对无症状潜伏性结核感染组织中低拷贝的休眠菌定位确诊更具意义。

Methods The rat thoracic duct endothelia were cultured and the morphology observed and identified by TEM and Factor Ⅷ-related antigen immunohistochemically. Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer, the cancer type were appraised by HE staining and PAS Reaction. The expression of VEGF-C and its receptor Flt-4 and ICAM-1 in the cancer tissues were carried through immunohistochemistry staining and In situ hybridization.

通过体外培养大鼠胸导管内皮细胞和构建大鼠原发性大肠癌动物模型，观察内皮细胞的形态和生长状态，用透射电镜和Ⅷ因子相关抗原进行鉴定，用HE染色和过碘酸雪夫氏反应区别癌组织的类型和期别，用免疫组织化学方法和原位杂交方法研究内皮细胞和大肠癌组织的VEGF-C及其受体Flt-4和ICAM-1的表达。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。