组织变形

Most of non-equilibrium microstructures in the original microstructure dissolve into the α-Mg matrix due to the diffusion of the solute and then the remainder is melted firstly. The more the increasing of cooling rate or pre-deformation, the more the secondary dendrite arms are easy to coarsen.

原始组织中的非平衡共晶组织在加热过程中大部分扩散溶解而溶入基体中，剩余部分在加热过程中首先熔化；冷却速率越大或预变形处理以后的试样在熔化过程中更容易发生二次枝晶臂之间的合并。

The dispersoid distribution of the second phase could strengthen the surface of the alloy, which decreased the quantity of abrasive particles. The wear volume of the alloy was decreased. The hardness and strength of the alloy were increased after ECAE. The resistance of deformation was improved and the depth and width of furrows were decreased due to the increase of hardness and strength. As a result, the wear-resistance and tribological properties of the alloy were improved after ECAE.

ECAE热挤压处理显著细化了铝青铜合金的微观组织，弥散分布的第二相对合金起到强化作用，减少了剥落磨粒的数量，降低了合金的磨损量；ECAE热挤压处理的铝青铜合金组织细小，强度和硬度高，提高了合金抵抗塑性变形能力，减轻了磨粒对合金表面的犁削作用，提高了合金的摩擦磨损性能。

According to the simulation results, the ME metallography simulations with Monte Carlo method are given.

在组织演化模拟结果的基础上，本文又用蒙特卡洛方法给出了金属热变形时组织演化过程的直观性描述。

Results show that sulfides can be refined and disperse evenly after continuous multi-pass rolling, with the average width of sulfides being 4.91μm, the average length being 14.27μm, the average aspect ratio being 3.03, and the average area being 44.72μm2. The sulfides can refine the microstructure due to their pinning effect, and the reefing effect shows Zener relation.

结果表明，连续、多道次变形的轧制工艺能够使硫化物破碎并均匀弥散化，硫化物平均宽度4.91μm，平均长度14.27μm，平均长宽比3.03，平均面积44.72μm2；硫化物组织细化的原因是作为第二相粒子钉扎晶界，硫化物颗粒细化组织满足Zener关系。

The results show that dynamic recrystallization occurs during deformation. The microstructure of the alloy effectively refines after deformation.

结果表明，AZ80镁合金在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶，塑性变形可以显著细化AZ80镁合金的显微组织。

In this project, the selection criteria of matrix and reinforcement for obtaining composites with high strength and toughness are determined. The as-cast and aged microstructures of composites reinforced with particles of different strength are observed, and their metallurgical conditions and stabilization mechanisms are analyzed. The aging precipitation behaviors and mechanisms are studied. Some characteristics of nano-materials (micro-distortion areas) are found in 150nm- Al2O3p/Al composites and their formation mechanisms are expatiated. The "flexible" restriction to the deformation of the matrix by low strength AlN particle is observed by in-situ TEM and SEM techniques, and the mechanisms of its resist on cracks propagation and its contribution to composite strength are revealed. The high temperature deformation behaviors of Al2O3p/Al composites are studied. A rare-earth coating is established on sub-micron Al2O3 particles, leading to an improvement in wettability between coated Al2O3 and liquid aluminum and a decrease in infiltration pressure. The strength and ductility of coated particles reinforced composite are also increased. The interfacial characteristics, bonding structures and their formation mechanisms are studied, and the crystal orientation relationships between reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are investigated. Finally a lighter composite with better balance of strength and damping properties is reinforced with hollow ceramic microballoons of ultra-lower strength.

本项目发现了获得高强度和高韧性复合材料的基体、增强体选择依据；观察了各种强度质点增强复合材料的铸态和时效态微观组织，分析其微观结构形成的金属学条件及稳定性机理，研究了其时效析出规律和时效机制，发现了150nmAl2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料基体中的纳米材料特征，并解释了其形成机理；利用TEM和SEM动态拉伸技术发现了低强度质点AlN颗粒对变形协调的&柔性强化&机制，揭示了其对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用和对复合材料高强度的贡献；研究了中强度质点的Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温变形行为，并对其进行了稀土界面层设计与制备，改善了颗粒与铝合金之间的界面润湿性，降低了复合材料铸造渗透压力，提高了复合材料的强、韧性；研究了多种复合材料界面结构及形成机理，确定了增强体与基体之间的界面结合机制，分析了复合材料界面处的晶体学位向关系；最后制备了含微孔的中空型陶瓷颗粒增强的特种复合材料，得到了强度和阻尼综合性能较好的轻质复合材料。

Microstructure observation shows that crystals of copper and steel are in contact directly and the interface is rugged in micro-area at the interface as well, which contributes to good bonding between copper layer and steel core wire.

经金相组织观察，铜、钢晶粒在界面处直接接触，界面呈极细微的凹凸不平的状态，经冷轧后，铜、钢晶粒在界面处互相咬合，且铜与钢的变形随着变形量的增大而趋于均匀。

Affected by the reverse-curve arch wires, the perpendicular force on the incisors were brought intrusively and on the molars were brought intrusively and distal upright; however, the canines and the bicuspids, in the perpendicular direction, moved along with the transformation of the angle and depth of the reverse-curve arch wires.

采用 ANSYS 有限元软件建立下颌牙列、牙周支持组织以及不同角度、不同弧形深度的0.46 mm ×0.64 mm 不锈钢下颌标准弓形摇椅弓的三维有限元模型，将摇椅弓变形前后的位移差作为荷载施加于有限元模型，通过多次迭代使其满足变形协调条件，计算出牙齿垂直方向的受力情况。

In order to study the effects of cold-rolling deformation on damping characteristics of TiNi alloys and the relationship between the damping characteristics and the microstructure, the damping characteristics of martensite for Ti_(50)Ni_(50) alloy have been investigated systematically by DSC, TEM, DMA and sound internal friction test.

为了探讨冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼特性的影响，及TiNi合金马氏体的阻尼特性与组织结构之间的关系，采用示差扫描量热分析、透射电镜分析、动态机械分析和音频阻尼测试方法，系统研究了冷轧变形后Ti50Ni50合金马氏体的阻尼特性。

The substructure in the deformed specimens consists of very small amount and fine precipitates with equaixed polygonized subgrains in the elongated grains and developed serrations in the grain boundaries.

指数方程中的平均热变形激活能Q为157.9kJ/mol。变形试样中的亚结构由拉长后晶粒中的少量细小的等轴多边形亚晶粒和晶界上的锯齿状组织构成。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。