组织变形

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

The deformation mechanism is mainly the single-slip and cross-ship, the fracture mechanism is mainly the congregation of transgranular micro-hole, and large uniform deformation occurred before tough fracture, and therefore, the ability of plastic deformation and the mechanical properties of the material were remarkably improved. These fully indicate that the new melt-treatment developed in this work is an effective and advanced technique, and further testify that the improvement of metallurgical quality of the material is the key to enhance its mechanical properties, especially its plastic deformation performance. The results of tensile and compression tests at elevated temperature also indicate that the suitable hot-working temperature range is 400～450℃. 4. A steady-state plastic flow exists during the plastic deformation of the aluminum sheet used for pressure can at elevated temperature. A hyperbolic sine relationship can be satisfied between the steady-state flow stress and strain rate by introducing an Arrhenius term which involves some thermal activation parameters, i.

压力罐用铝材中的主要冶金缺陷为Al〓O〓夹杂物、气孔及富Fe杂质相；高效熔体处理显著改善了材料的冶金缺陷的存在形态，使含杂量明显减少、夹杂物尺寸变细小且分布均匀，富Fe杂质相变为细小、分布均匀的团球状或短棒状的复杂化合物，同时也明显细化了结晶组织；此外，由于高效熔体处理有效地减少了材料中裂纹萌生源数量，因而改变了材料的塑性变形微观过程及断裂方式，主要以单滑移和交滑移进行塑性变形，断裂方式为穿晶微孔聚集型，韧性断裂前产生了大量的均匀变形，不易出现变形失稳，从而显著提高了罐用铝材的塑变能力和力学性能。

Some experiments with different annealing temperature (800℃?900℃?1000℃),different deformation and different secondary annealing temperature(500℃?600℃) were carried out on the invar alloy.The microstructure and mechanical properties were observed and tested respectively,and the influence of the process parameters on them was analyzed.

针对实际生产中Invar合金抗跌落性能差的问题，对Invar合金试样进行了不同温度(80 0℃、90 0℃、10 0 0℃)的退火、不同变形量的冷变形及不同温度(5 0 0℃、6 0 0℃)的二次退火试验，并进行了显微组织观察和力学性能试验，分析各种工艺参数对Invar合金的组织和性能的影响。

Simulation of the recrystallized microstructure s in hot forming process is a new re-search method.

计算机模拟金属热变形过程中再结晶组织的变化是一种新的变形组织研究方法。

The results show that dynamic softening is easy to occur in these ingots and flow stress becomes steady finally; the material constants of hot deformation are procedural parameters that stress-level coefficient α, strain rate sensibility exponent m and deformation activation energy Q are all increased with strain increasing, while stress exponent n is decreased gradually; the values α and m of the alloy homogenized are the biggest and the value n is the smallest, dynamic softening effect of the alloy is the most obvious, which can deform evenly; influence of strain on the value Q of the alloy homogenized is a little and the average value of Q is only 176.5kJ/mol, so the alloy is easy to deform; the alloy matrix shows the regular recrystallization grains when the strain is 50%; dislocation cell structure re-formed in the grains with increase of strain.

结果表明：经不同处理的Al-1Mn-1Mg合金均易发生动态软化并最终呈现稳态流变特征；热变形材料常数是过程量，随应变量的增加，应力水平参数α、应变速率敏感性指数m和热变形激活能 Q 随之增大，而应力指数 n 则逐渐减小；均匀化退火后，铝合金的α和m值最大而n值最小，动态软化效果最明显且变形均匀，在该状态下，铝合金的 Q 值受变形量影响小，平均仅为176.5kJ/mol，易进行热变形；当应变量为0.7时，基体呈现规则的再结晶晶粒组织，随着应变量的增加，晶内重新形成了位错胞结构。

By dilatometric test, Laboratory experiments were...

利用膨胀法在Thermecmastor-Z型热/力模拟试验机上进行实验室实验，测定了研究钢种在不同的中间保温工艺及一定变形工艺条件下的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线；对每个试样进行了打磨、抛光、腐蚀，在光学显微镜下观察其组织，研究了在不同中间保温工艺下组织的变化情况；利用所建立的CCT曲线研究了一定变形工艺条件及不同保温工艺对其相变行为及组织的影响，对其影响规律进行了分析。

According to the morphological characteristics of cementite lamellae, the deformed pearlite can be divided into three kinds: irregularly bent lamella (pearlite lamella originally inclined with large angles to the rolling plane and irregularly bent after deformation); coarse lamellae with shear-band (the rhomboidal blocks of weakly deformed lamella bounded by shear band) and fine l...

按 渗碳体形态特点，变形珠光体组织可分为以下3种类型：(1)不规则弯曲片层型，即变形后的渗碳体与轧制面呈大角度偏离且不规则弯曲的珠光体。(2)带有剪切带的粗大片层型，即被渗碳体剪切带分开且变形轻微的珠光体。(3)精细片层型，即与轧制方向平行排列、片间距细小且渗碳体严重变形的珠光体。精细片层区域的比例随着轧制压下率的提高而增大。此外，重度冷轧变形还引起渗碳体严重塑性变形和部分溶解。

According to the morphological characteristics of cementite lamellae, the deformed pearlite can be divided into three kinds: irregularly bent lamella (pearlite lamella originally inclined with large angles to the rolling plane and irregularly bent after deformation); coarse lamellae with shear-band (the rhomboidal blocks of weakly deformed lamella bounded by shear band) and fine lamella (heavily deformed lamella aligned parallel to the rolling direction with fine interlamellar spacing).

按渗碳体形态特点，变形珠光体组织可分为以下3种类型：(1)不规则弯曲片层型，即变形后的渗碳体与轧制面呈大角度偏离且不规则弯曲的珠光体。(2)带有剪切带的粗大片层型，即被渗碳体剪切带分开且变形轻微的珠光体。(3)精细片层型，即与轧制方向平行排列、片间距细小且渗碳体严重变形的珠光体。

The results show that some twin crystals and honeycomb structures appear in the shear plane and many kinds of deformation mechanism exist such as extruding, kinking and so on. When annealed at 550 ℃ for 2 h, the recrystal gains are observed in the shear plane. Especially the side receives the cut of guillotine, the size of recrystal grain is very thin, corresponding with the recrystal grains obtained by cold rolling at 80% deformation rate.

结果表明：经剪切变形后，切面处形成一种独特的带状变形孪晶和蜂窝状变形组织，且存在挤压、扭折等多种变形机制的作用；合金在550 ℃退火2 h后，切面出现许多再结晶晶粒，且在承受剪床切口的一边再结晶晶粒非常细小，相当于冷轧变形80%后的再结晶晶粒尺寸。

Construction and reform/expansion of aluminum alloy plate worldwide;2. The effects of total deformation on the microstructure and room temperature tensile properties of BT-20 alloy plate were studied in α+β.

主要研究了在α+β区总变形量对BT-20钛合金厚板组织与性能的影响，获得了在两相区总变形量控制在71%、85%和91%生产出的三种规格厚板在相同热处理制度下的显微组织以及所对应的室温力学性能。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。