组织上

Surface plasmon resonance technology was introduced into the testing study of the refractive index of biological tissues, whose testing theory is discussed theoretically. Considering the environment and other influences, an Au film of 50 nm was selected as the wafer film. Relative experimental setup for SPR method were designed and established. The experiment was carried out with distilled water, grain alcohol and Intralipid~, whose results had a good consistency with the data obtained using traditional methods.

将表面等离子体共振技术引入到生物组织折射率测量研究中，从理论上，探讨了该方法的测试原理；进而考虑了环境影响等各种因素，采用50nm的Au膜作为基质膜，设计并研制了相应实验装置；对蒸馏水、无水乙醇以及仿生物组织溶液Intralipid~(TM等样品进行了实验测量，测得折射率值与文献报道的用传统方法测得的数值吻合较好。

In this dessertation, on the base of principle theory and ground rule of structure designing, the auther brings forward the case-handling structure of Xiamen outsize-smuggle, the functions of each branch and the rlations between them.

本文在组织结构设计的基本原则和程序的基础上，研究并提出了查办厦门特大走私案的合理组织结构、各机构的职能及其相互关系。

Two technology including nitrocarburizing process and salt nitrocarburzing process haver been adopted. Several conclusions were obtained: firstly, nitrided layers consist of two layers including the outer white layer, mainly ε and γ′ with favorite errosion resistance, the inner dark layer consist of α-Fe.

再往里为扩散层，扩散层与原始组织无明显区别，是过饱和含氮的α-Fe固溶体，比原始组织更易受腐蚀；(2)试样经长时间氮碳共渗后，渗层最表面会出现疏松，这是因为Fe原子向外扩散，在ε相内造成Fe原子空位，空位向内扩散，并可能在晶界上或某些晶体缺陷处堆积，以致造成空洞。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The first chapter emphasizes on the background and process of urban community autonomy, the process is divided into three stages: the rise of community building, the reform of the management system and the autonomy practice of resident to introducing the community development in our country. The second chapter introduces the present condition of the community autonomy in changshou road. Including the organizational relation, the rule of the circulating and the development of NGOs. The third chapter deeply analyzes the problems to hider the development of community autonomy in the present stage in changshou road. The fourth Chapter gives some advice about the community autonomy to realize the real autonomy in our grass- roots society.

论文的引言部分对选题的缘起、目的、意义以及研究方法作了简要说明，同时也界定了文中涉及的一些重要的研究概念；正文的第一章主要是介绍我国城市社区转型的背景和进程，分社区建设的兴起、管理体制的改革、居委会自治实践三个阶段介绍了我国社区发展的主要历程；第二章主要是介绍了上海长寿路街道社区自治在组织体制，运行规则和民间组织发展等方面的发展现状；第三章作者对街道社区自治现阶段存在一些问题进行了深刻剖析；第四章是在分析问题的基础上对城市社区自治发展提出了一些可行的改进意见，希望能帮助我们的基层社会尽快实现真正的自治。

Objective The origin and the nature of the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell of Hodgkins lymphoma has been attracting a lot of medical researchers engaged in studying it,for its character by scattered large atypical cells residing in a complex admixture of inflammatory cells.Great improvement has been made since a new method of isolation of single H/RS cells from a frozen section had been set up by KUppers in 1994,and many studies have approved of the B-cell derivation of H/RS cell.lt has been reported that H/R-S cells might partly be originated from B-cell in our research before,but at the same time,we also found that only 18.8% of H/RS cells express CD20,31.3% of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement have been revealed.

目的 霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkins lymphoma，HL)由于它的恶性肿瘤细胞—H／RS细胞一般只占肿瘤组织的极少部分(不到1％)，且散在分布在背景细胞间，因此对于H／RS细胞的来源和性质研究一直是人们探索的目标。1994年德国科隆大学Kūppers等发展了一种从冰冻组织切片上用显微操作仪挑取单个H／RS细胞的显微切割方法进行H／RS细胞基因分析后，人们对H／RS细胞来源的研究有了突破性的进展，多数支持B细胞来源。

The results showed that the positive rates of RNA integrity in grind with liquid nitrogen group and in homogenizer without liquid nitrogen group were 68.42% and 29.79% respectively, and there was significant difference between these two groups; however, there was no statistic difference in positive rate of RNA integrity, OD260/OD280 ratio and 3-actin gene expression level between the drug-induced labor group and non-drug induced labor group.

结果发现，液氮研磨组分离完整RNA的阳性率高於匀浆器处理组，分别为68.42%和29.29%，两组比较有显著性差异；药物引产组及非药物引产组在分离完整RNA阳性率、胚胎组织RNA的OD260/OD280比值和胚胎组织β-actin基因表达量上均无统计学差异。

Founded to cripple animal testing at the Huntingdon Life Sciences laboratory, it describes itself on its website as a worldwide organization also active in the US.

这个组织旨在阻挠亨廷顿生命科学研究中心的动物实验，并在其网站上自称是一个世界性的组织，在美国也有活动开展。

The goal is to simplify the neural-computing of biovision process modeled inthe Boundary Contour System of FACADE theory, and to extract subjective contour in.a new way. The procedure consists of DOG filtering, cooperative filtering,post-processing of cooperative cues and regrouping of endpoints, corresponding to theoriented edge filtering by simple cells, cooperative filtering by bipole cells and end-stopeffect formulated by hypercomplex cells in biovision system respectively. The last oneis an algorithm based on connection relation graph, which judges whether two keypoints should be connected according to their positions and orientations and thenconnect the key points that Should be connected to complete the subjective contour.

本文主要完成了以下工作：一是针对张量投票方法处理主观轮廓时出现的问题进行了改进，并依据矩阵的特征值摄动理论分析了该方法误差产生的原因以及迭代对其影响；二是用图像处理方法代替FACADE理论中复杂的细胞动力学方程，提出了一种基于视觉竞争合作机制的轮廓组织及缺口修复算法，该方法通过DOG滤波器组、合作滤波器组和张量投票等方法分别模拟视觉系统中的简单细胞有向滤波、双极细胞合作滤波和终端截断后端点重组等主观轮廓形成过程；三是提出了一种基于可连接关系图的算法解决轮廓组织及缺口修复问题，该方法在轮廓特征提取的基础上，根据关键点的位置和取向信息判断其可连接关系，进而连接具有可连接关系但没有实际连接的关键点，最终完成轮廓缺口的修复。

By means of scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, microstructure of spray-deposited hypereutectic Al-Si alloy was analyzed.

本文以过共晶Al-Si合金为研究对象，在对喷射沉积合金凝固过程分析的基础上，重点研究了合金的微观组织与力学行为，讨论了后续热挤压和热处理对喷射沉积合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。