组合分析

Market basket analysis is one of the typical applications in mining association rules. It can find out the relationship of items form a large amount of transaction data, and can help marketing analysts to learn the purchasing behaviors of customers. The valuable information discovered from data mining could be used to support decision making such as marketing promotions, shelf space management, bundle selling, cross-selling, etc.

在关联分析的应用领域，最典型的例子为购物篮分析，透过购物篮分析可以找出顾客交易行为中商品品项之关联性，以帮助决策者了解顾客的购买习性，进而将此资讯应用在市场行销、货架摆设、产品组合销售与交叉销售之决策依据。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

The dissertation,under the guidance of historic materialism and by means of combiningtheoretical and positivist analysis,employs the method of analysis in institutional economics so as todissect the composition and interaction of social forces and displays the changes of social structure andthe process of social institutions in rural China of different periods.

论文以历史唯物主义为指导，借鉴制度经济学的分析方法，通过理论分析和实证分析相结合，深度剖析不同时段（以公社体制突破后为重心）乡村中国的社会力量组合和交易情形，动态地展示乡村中国的社会结构变动和社会组织演进过程，力图揭示乡村组织演进中的困境和走出困境的路径。

Design process modelling is another important area of CAD techniques. In chapter 9, by numeric analysis, composite/decomposite of design objects and metric space, we discuss the quantity feature of design process in detail, which ground the qualitative reasoning in design process.

设计过程建模是CAD技术的又一重要课题，在第九章中，作者运用数值分析的手段，通过设计对象的组合分解，引入距离空间的概念，对设计过程中的定量性作了详细分析，这一分析过程为设计过程建模后续的定性推理提供了坚实的基础。

It is important to reduce the span of the hard roof to avoid its impact load on supports. However, at longwall top coal caving face, the periodical weight of roof is a main factor that crushes the top coal, which is beneficial to the top coal recovery. How to use the roof pressure safely is of crucial importance in top coal caving. Based on field monitoring, theoretical analysis of strata movement, the numerical model of compound structure of hard roof stepped cantilever and the top coal cantilever beam is built, and the parameters of the model are also determined. The elasto-plastic finite element method is used to analyze the effect of hard coal fracture under the abutment pressure of hard roof, and the cracking coefficient is defined according to the stress state of the element.

通过对岩层移动的现场观测，建立了&两硬&条件综放采场台阶悬臂—悬臂梁组合的煤岩组合结构力学模型，并以此煤岩结构为基础，建立&两硬&条件综放采场顶煤压裂的有限元数值模型，分析了坚硬顶板不同来压步距对坚硬顶煤的压裂效应，并确定了合理的支架阻力，从而对坚硬顶板进行有效的控制，消除坚硬项板对采场的冲击隐患，同时保证采场矿压对坚硬顶煤的有效压裂，达到提高顶煤回收率之目的，由此形成了坚硬顶煤、坚硬顶板条件下综放采场围岩控制的基本理论和方法。

In maize, the results indicated that the patterns of gene expression altered obviously in cross-fertilized kernels as compared to self-fertilized kernels, major difference of gene expression occurred in the qualitative level. Further analysis indicated that higher percentage of total differentially expressed cDNA was observed in highly heterotic hybrid than in non-heterotic hybrid.

对四个不同优势的玉米杂交和自交在种子发育前期基因表达研究表明，玉米杂交种子与自交种子在发育前期存在明显的基因表达差异，强优势的杂交组合与弱优势杂交组合之间表现差异的总cDNA比例存在极显著差异，进一步分析发现，杂交特异表达与杂种优势存在一定的正向关系。

The integrated methods based on GPS observables and Kalman filtering are analyzed, and the integrated error models of using position velocity and pseudurange pseudorange-rate as measurement are analyzed too.

分析了基于GPS信息观测和Kalman滤波技术的GPS和惯导的组合方法，以及用位置速度、伪距伪距率为观测量进行组合的数学模型，推导了系统校正的公式。

This design has analyzed the wheel hub drill hole specification , according to the vertical multiaxle drilling machine combination computer characteristic and the requirement, carries on its hydraulic system design, it introduces emphatically this kind of drilling machine combination computer hydraulic system principle of work, the hydraulic ram design, the integration block design and the integration block loading and the hydraulic pressure pumping station design.

本设计在分析了轮毂钻孔技术要求的基础上，根据立式多轴钻床组合机的特点和要求，进行它的液压系统设计，重点介绍这种钻床组合机的液压系统工作原理、液压油缸的设计、集成块设计和集成块装配及液压泵站的设计。

To determine the pilot dimensions on which the kinetic stabilization adjustment design of ejection seat depends,regression analysis of 292 pilots' dimensions and their combined gravity centers of pilot-seat systems were conducted. Stature and body weight were determined to be the depending parameters, and the regression equations were derived.

为确定火箭弹射座椅动力稳定调节方法设计所应依据的人体参数，对292例飞行员的人体参数及人椅系统组合重心数据进行了回归分析研究，综合确定了以体重和身高作为调节依据参数，并求出了该参数与人椅系统组合重心的回归方程。

Through analyzing the heavy mineral combination and its distribution characters in Malang Area of Santanghu Basin, the source direction of deposits were judged in Malang Area by using the type of the mineral combination, its percentage content and curve of stability coefficient, in combination with the percentage distribution of quarts sandstones in each stratum.

通过对三塘湖盆地马朗地区重矿物组合及分布特征的分析，利用重矿物组合类型、百分含量及重矿物稳定系数的曲线特征，结合各层系的石英砂岩百分含量分布，判断了马朗地区的沉积物源方向。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。