线路

Can switch line between line 1 and line 2 . the acquiescence in line 1

可切换至线路1或线路2，默认状态下为线路1。

By using the optimal power flow,the relation between the electricity purchasing cost change and the line stability limit which is the product of the stability limit factor and the basic stability limit of the line,is described by the derivative of the augmented lagrangian function with respect to the line stability limit factor.

以最优潮流为工具，将线路的稳定限额看作是基准传输容量限值与稳定限额因子的乘积，通过增广拉格朗日函数对线路稳定限额因子的导数描述了系统购电成本的变化与线路稳定限额因子和线路基准稳定限额乘积的关系。

The influence of the line arrester on the lightning withstand level of 35kV transmission lines was simulated and calculated by electromagnetic transient software ATP-EMTP. The results show that the joining of line arrester can obviously improve the lightning withstand level of 35kV transmission lines, and is especially effective when the lightning directly strikes the conductor.

计算结果表明，在"易击段"架设线路避雷器后，可明显提高35kV输电线路的耐雷水平，尤其雷直击导线时，线路避雷器的作用效果更加明显；雷击杆塔塔顶时，杆塔接地电阻是影响35kV输电线路耐雷水平的重要因素。

Power cable route protection zone: the areas between two parallel lines formed by 0.75 meters on both sides of the ground mark of underground cable route; for sea-bottom cables, the zones should be the water surface between the two parallel lines formed by two nautical miles on both sides of the line (100 on both sides of the line in port) and no less than 100 meters on both sides of the line in rivers (not less than 50 meters for mid-sized and small rivers).

电力电缆线路保护区：地下电缆为线路两侧各零点七五米所形成的两平行线内的区域；海底电缆一般为线路两侧各二海里，江河电缆一般不小干线路两侧各一百米（中、小河流一般不小于各五十米）所形成的两平行线内的水域。

Finally, calculate in series power flow of a line after overload line tripping to confirm the parallel transmission section of overload line.

线路过载后，依序比较回路中线路与过载线路的潮流方向，以判定其是否属于过载线路的并行输电断面。

The digital map input and maintenance subsystem performs format conversion,editing and updating of spatial data;the rail-track video playing subsystem uses video recording as reference data,then plays,inquires and traces the corresponding frames in synchronous to the scaled mileage,realizing the query of the active picture frames;the digital map query subsystem fulfills the map query,preview and spelling of digital map orthograph.

其中，地形图输入与维护实现了数字地图的格式转换、编辑处理以及空间数据的更新操作，解决了不同格式空间数据的互相转换问题；线路录象播放将线路录像数据作为系统的一种索引数据，活动影像的画面与里程相对应，实现了基于线路录像的播放、查询和检索的功能，实现了基于活动画面的查询检索功能；数字地图子系统完成了图形查询、数字地图与线路正射图像浏览、图幅拼接等功能。

After flow and transient stability calculating of the 330kV grid, we got the over-load and hazard lines set. Then we gained the redundant network needed to be built according to the increasing power supply and load in 2010. Adopting regradation step-by-step algorithm by which we can improve the calculation efficiency , we compared the validity of every line, deleted lines with low validity until no redundant line is in the network. At last we got the target network framework adopting the improved ant colony algorithm. Flow distribution, construction investment assessment and target framework of Gansu long-term planning all be considered, from the viewpoint of to be economic and reliability the feasibility of the improved ant colony algorithm is discussed.

在对2006年该网架结构进行了潮流计算与暂态稳定计算分析后，得出了系统的过负荷与危险线路集，并针对2010年新增的电源和负荷点确定了冗余的待建网架，然后利用逐步倒推法比较各待选线路在系统中的有效性，逐步去除有效性低的线路，直到网络中没有冗余线路为止，以此来以提高优化算法的计算效率，最后利用改进后的蚁群算法确定优化后的目标网架结构，并从潮流分布、建设投资估算等方面与甘肃电网远期规划中确定的目标网架进行了比较，从可靠性和经济性角度论证了改进蚁群算法在网架优化中的可行性。

Include the following types:(1) check value car, for the railway Vehicles weighing, the actual track is a kind of moving in large weights;(2) Power generation car, the car has a small power station, they can always call on the railway line on the power supply;(3) gauge inspection vehicles, for inspection and verification of railway bridges, tunnels and other large buildings close to the limits in order to determine the safety of vehicles;(4) test cars were equipped with test equipment, used to measure and record rolling stock and railway line performance parameters;( 5) The rescue vehicles, for the train accident occurs, clear the line obstructions and incidents from re-rolling stock;(6) LTL office vehicles for the LTL freight train crew members, escort personnel work and rest;(7) Ballast cars transport and shop for the construction of lines unloading ballast;(8) long rail vehicles for the transport of long rail or recycle that old rail;(9) snow vehicles, clear the rail line, the snow outside.

包括以下几种类型：（1）检衡车，供铁路车辆称重用，实际是一种可在轨道上移动的大砝码；（2）发电车，车内设有小型电站，可随时调用于铁路线路上供电；（3）限界检查车，用于检查和核对铁路桥梁、隧道等大型建筑物的接近限界，以确定车辆通过的安全性；（4）试验车，车上装有试验设备，用于测量和记录机车车辆和铁路线路的性能参数；（5）救援车，用于列车运行发生事故时，清除线路障碍物和起复事故机车车辆；（6）零担办公车，供零担货物列车乘务人员、押运人员工作和休息；（7）石碴车，用于修建线路运送和铺卸石碴；（8）长钢轨车，用于载运长钢轨或回收旧钢轨；（9）除雪车，清除线路钢轨内、外侧积雪。

Through discussing further the reflective and refractive coefficients of line boundary, the features of line boundary are as follows: the attenuation of high frequency band (especially in band of line trap) of transient components generated by fault through line boundary is obvious, whereas the low frequency band (1~10kHz) components are hardly influenced. Moreover, the transient components below 100kHz should be adopted in purpose of outstanding the line boundary and weakening the transmission influence of transmission line.

通过对线路边界的透、反射系数的进一步分析发现：暂态信号的高频段穿越线路边界时将大为衰减，而低频段(1~10kHz)几乎不衰减；为弱化线路的传输影响而突出线路边界的作用，宜选用100kHz以下的信号分量。

That the transmission line system so that the progressive realization of the management of information technology, standardization, improved transmission line management level.

针对目前传统的线路管理存在的问题，介绍了大理供电局输电线路地理信息系统的开发方案、系统功能及应用，指出该系统使输电线路的管理逐步实现信息化、标准化，提高了输电线路的管理水平。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。