线粒体的

Obvious genetic divergence was observed between Nepal panda and those from Yunnan and Sichuan. Additionally, DNA sequence variations were also found in concolor gibbons.

此外，对来自云南和海南的黑冠长臂猿的线粒体DNA的序列分析证实了形态和地理分布上的亚种划分，并提示海南黑长臂猿可能是一个独立的种。

In this study, we analyzed 8 rare and endangered animals, including giant panda, Yunnan golden monkey, red panda, Asiatic black bear, rhesus monkey, slow lorries, Chinese pangolin and concolor gibbons from China and adjacent areas.

本文以我国珍稀动物大熊猫、滇金丝猴、小熊猫，亚州黑熊、间蜂猴、恒河猴、中国穿山甲、黑冠长臂猿为材料，采用蛋白和同工酶电泳以及线粒体DNA序列分析（包扩采用非损伤取样以毛发和陈旧皮张样品进行的分析）的方法研究珍稀动物的遗传多样性状况及其同物种濒危的关系以及根据遗传学数据确定保护的基本单元等。

METHODS: The BEC were preincubated with crocetin (1, 0.1 and 0.01 μmol/L) for 12 h, then exposed to AGE (100 mg/L). The RAGE mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR analysis, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) was measured by ELISA. The extracellular superoxide ion and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were assessed with superoxide ion kit and colorimetric assay, respectively The intracellular I2O2 was also detected using the probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein. The mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial Succinate dehydrogenase were analyzed by the retention of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and MTT.

不同浓度的西红花酸(1、0.1、0.01μmol/L)预孵BEC细胞12h后，用AGE(100mg/L)刺激细胞12h，RT-PCR法测定RAGEmRNA的表达水平；ELISA法测定细胞间黏附分子－(ICAM-1)的表达；试剂盒分别检测胞外超氧阴离子和硫代巴比妥酸反应产物浓度；同时，还用2，7-二氯荧光素测定了胞内H2O2的浓度，并用罗丹明123(Rh123)荧光法及MTT法分别检测细胞线粒体膜电位水平和其琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性。

By PCR amplifying and sequencing four fragments of 400bp, 550bp, 400bp and 650bp were obtained respectively from ITS-1, 16sRNA, Cytb and Col gene of Engraulis japonicus from Huanghai and Donghai sea areas of China.

通过PCR扩增和序列测定等技术，对分布于黄、东海海域的鳀鱼的ITS-1基因片段及线粒体DNA的16S rRNA、Cytb和CoI基因片段进行初步的研究，分别得到大小约为400bp、550bp、400bp和650bp的片段。

The heterogenicity of mitochondrial DNA has impact on the system performance of the examination system mainly in identifying monoploid of examination samples and calculating the probability of individual recognition.

线粒体DNA异质性的出现，对检测体系的系统效能存在着影响，主要表现在对所检测样本的单倍型的认同及个体识别概率的计算上。

Moreover, CoI gene was more conservative and a lower evolutionary rate than Cyt b gene. CoI gene was an effective marker in analysing the phylogenesis of families in Passeriformes. It can be used in identifying the species of Passeriformes, but it was revealed that CoI gene was more suitable to identify the phylogenetic relationship of avian family unit than Cyt b gene, and CoI gene can be a molecular marker to identify avian species. But in species identification, CoI gene was less stable and accurate than Cyt b gene. We suggested youd better employ the other marker if you have the CoI gene only.(2) In the phylogenetic trees of birds from Lanius, L.

比较分析了雀形目6科15种鸟类的细胞色素b全序列和CoI基因部分序列，结果显示细胞色素b和CoI基因序列的变异位点分别为454个和366个、简约信息位点为337个和303个，而且线粒体CoI基因比细胞色素b基因略微保守、进化速率也较低；CoI基因在确定雀形目科级阶元之间的系统发生关系方面是一种有效的分子标记，同时它也能够用于雀形目鸟类的物种鉴定，但在物种鉴别方面不如细胞色素b基因稳定、准确。

They all contain 13 protein coding gene,2 rRNA gene,22 tRNA gene and 1 D-Loop.The base composition for the four nucleotides is A-32.0%,C-27.6%,G-14.7%,T-25.8%,And it is A-32.5%,C-26.9%,G-14.1%,T-26.5%for Yellow-throated Marten.But there are some definite differences in base composition,the using of Initiation codon and Stop codon,and the mode of repeat sequences in control region.The codon usages of Manes have bias,and the ttiird locations of codon of protein-coding genes have the higher frequency in using A and C.There may be some relativity with the content of A and C in D-loop,namely,it has relation with the mode of repeat sequences.The complete mitochondrial genome of the Sable and Yellow-throated Marten were submitted to GenBank,and the accession number are FJ429093 and FJ719367 respectively.3、The complete mitochondrial genome of 6 other species of Mustelidae from GenBank and some sequences of D-loop from the 6 species were aligned.

分析紫貂大兴安岭亚种、长白山亚种、阿尔泰亚种和北欧亚种间的基因流及进化历史得知：大兴安岭种群与新疆种群和长白山种群间的基因流水平最高(Nm=0.1260和0.1427)，新疆与长白山种群间最低Nm=0.0053紫貂种群在进化过程中可能发生过种群膨胀，经历过种群增长过程。2、对紫貂和黄喉貂的线粒体全基因组结构进行分析发现：全长分别为16 523bp和16549bp，均包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码序列区(D-Loop区，紫貂全序列中碱基组成为A-32.0%，C-27.6%，G-14.7%，T-25.8%，黄喉貂为A-32.5%，C-26.9%，G-14.1%，T-26.5%；基因排列顺序与日本貂和貂熊的一致，但碱基组成、起始密码子和终止密码子的使用及控制区中串联重复序列模式等均存在一定差异。

The phylogenetic analysis of these two nonmarine crabs together with intertidal, supratidal and swimming crabs based on portions of mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences suggested that Grapsioidea, Ocypodoidea, Potamoidea and Portunoidea arose from a common marine ancestor, and the estimated divergence time are similar.

基于线粒体16S rDNA部分序列，对这2个类型的非海洋蟹类与潮间带蟹类、海洋蟹类之间的系统发生分析提示，方蟹总科、沙蟹总科、溪蟹总科和梭子蟹总科的蟹类起源于一个共同的海洋蟹类祖先，它们彼此之间的歧异时间基本一致。

The results showed that ACP positive reactions were mainly deposited in lysosome, nucellar cell, cellular endomembrane, mitochondriurn, and endoplasmic reticulum in four tissues of the healthy shrimp. Furthermore, ACP activity was located in microvilli, and around partly lipid droplet in liver. AKP positive reactions were mainly deposited in cell membrane, nucellar cell, lysosome. endoplasmic reticulum and cellular endomembrane in four tissues.

结果显示，在健康的对虾体内，ACP依次出现在各组织中的溶酶体、细胞核、细胞内膜、线粒体、内质网以及肝脏组织中的部分脂滴周围及微绒毛中AKP依次出现在各组织中的细胞膜、细胞核、溶酶体、内质网以及肝脏组织中的脂滴周围及微绒毛中。

Two independent molecular sources were used to reconstruct phylogeny: the 16S rRNA gene on the mitochondrial genome and the 28S rRNA gene on the nuclear genome. A comparison of the sequences showed that the obtained 28S rDNA sequences have evolved at a much slower rate than the 16S rDNA, and that the former is better than the latter for resolving deep branching in the Odonata.

两种独立的分子资源用于重建系统发育发展史：线粒体基因组的16s rRNA基因和核基因组的28s rRNA序列比对表明：获得的28s rDNA序列以远低于16s rDNA的速率进化，并且28s rDNA比16s rDNA更适于分析蜻蜓目的深度分支。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。