线粒体的

In this family,deafness is maternally inherited and all the sufferers have the mitochondrial DNA 12s RNA A1555G mutation. Four methods are used in the experiments for establishing immortal lymphoblastoid cell lines of the family with non-syndromic deafness.

该家系患者呈典型的母系遗传特征，且研究发现患者中均具有线粒体DNA 12s RNA A1555G突变，是迄今世界上最大的非综合征耳聋家系之一，在该家系的建系过程中使用了4种不同的方法。

Can scavenge DPPH·strongly with IC_(50) of 0.164 mg/mL, and inhibit hemolysis of mice erythrocyte evidently with IC_(50) of 0.112 mg/mL. The reactive oxygen species resistant power of mice serum is enhanced by the pigment, the concentration of MDA resulting from peroxidation of lipid in mice liver tissue can be reduced, and the swelling of mice liver mitochondria can also be restrained. The preventing experiments of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

在药理学研究中体外抗氧化实验表明，PLR具有一定的抗氧化能力，表现出很强的DPPH·自由基清除活性，IC_(50)达到0.164 mg／mL；能显著的抑制小鼠红细胞溶血，IC_(50)为0.112mg／mL；能增强小鼠血清抗活性氧能力，抑制小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化产物MDA生成和小鼠肝线粒体肿胀度，并显示出一定的量效关系。

Mitochondria was relatively little in size. Round primary lysosome with high electron-densed granules and secondary lysosome with high or low electron-densed granules were seen frequently. DCs contained many rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and ribosomes. The vacuoles with flocculent electron-densed granules were rare. Some special granules in cytoplasm were seen, whose surface like earphone were covered with a membrane. High electron-densed contents in the granules were near one side and the other side was bright. The nucleus became markedly small in volume, nephroid or hoofed in shape. The nucleus had little euchromatin and lots of heterochromatin under nuclear membrane.

子宫内膜癌组织DC超微结构特征如下：细胞形态不规则，与正常子宫内膜组织DC相比，胞膜较光滑，胞膜表面树突状胞浆突起显著减少，部分突起呈粗短状；胞质中线粒体相对少，圆形而电子密度高的初级溶酶体和不规则形且电子密度高低不一的次级溶酶体多见；高尔基体、粗面内质网、核糖体丰富；含微量絮状电子致密物的胞饮小泡显著减少；胞质中可见形态特殊的颗粒，该颗粒外周膜包裹，略呈圆形，中间部位稍弯曲，如耳机状，颗粒中由高电子致密物居于一侧，而另一侧则呈透亮状；胞核显著减小，居于胞质一侧，常呈肾形或马蹄形，核内常染色质较少，异染色质多边集于核膜下。

There is some evidence that this process can be selective (7). A second possibility simply involves a relative selective advantage to wildtype mtDNAs during the expansion of mitochondria that occurs in oogenesis.

一些证据表明这些过程是就可以被选择的（7）；第二中可能性涉及到在卵子发生的过程中对胀大的线粒体内野生型mtDNA进行相关的优势选择。

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors.

最终在兴奋性毒性（过度刺激神经元上的递质受体）、钙紊乱、炎症、能量和生长因子缺乏作用下，敏感的神经元发生萎缩、死亡。apoE4与Aβ和tau的异常聚集有关，还可能损伤线粒体和其他细胞骨架。Aβ、tau、apoE和synuclein与其他分子相互作用，影响多种神经活动和存活的信号转导途径。

Ultimately, vulnerable groups of neurons atrophy and die in a process that may involve excitotoxicity (overstimulation of neurotransmitter receptors on neuronal surface membranes), collapse of calcium homeostasis, inflammation, and depletion of energy and growth factors. A form of apolipoprotein E, apoE4, contributes to the abnormal accumulation of A and tau, but probably also damages mitochondria and the cellular cytoskeleton. A , tau, apoE and -synuclein interact with many other molecules and modulate diverse signalling cascades that regulate neuronal activity and survival.

最后，易感神经元会萎缩直至死亡，原因可能有兴奋性中毒（神经递质对神经元表面受体的过度刺激引起），钙稳态失衡，炎症反应，能量和生长因子的耗尽。apoE4的产生可导致A肽和tau蛋白的异常聚合，可能也损害线粒体和细胞骨架。A肽、tau蛋白、apoE和突触核蛋白可与很多分子反应，也可调节不同信号级联反应，这些级联反应对于维持神经元活动性和生存性意义重大。

This articles reviews many hypothesis about pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy,such as the increation of polyalcohol pathway,overdose of end product of glycosylated protein,activation of protein kinase C,increased production of active oxygen of mitochondria,factors of immune inflammation,heredity factors,any other factors and so on.

文章对多元醇通路的增加、糖基化终末产物的过量生成、蛋白激酶C的激活、线粒体活性氧产生增多、免疫炎症因素、遗传因素及其他因素等糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制的多种假说加以综述。

372Bp mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA of blue fox, red fox, raccoon dog, and wolf were sequenced. Combined with the DNA fragments of dog, simien fox, and African wild dog, sequences were aligned and analyzed. There are 113 nucleotide sites substituted (30%).

通过对犬科的赤狐、蓝狐、貉和狼4种的线粒体细胞色素b约372bp DNA片段序列分析，结合GenBank中狗、西门豺和非洲野犬3种的该区段DNA序列的比较，共发现113个核苷酸位点存在变异(约30%)。

Mitochondrion is a special semiautonomous organelle and presents in nearly all eucaryotic cells. It not only provides most bioenergetic demands for all kinds of metabolic activities, but also subserves several other essential cellular functions.

线粒体是广泛存在于各种真核细胞中，可以进行独立复制的特殊的细胞器，它既能提供细胞内各种生命活动所需要的能源，也参与多种其他极为重要的生理活动。

Yang E,Korsmeyer SJ.Molecular thanatopsis:a discourse on the BCL-2 family and cell death.Blood,1996,88:386[3] Campos L,Rouanlt JP,Salido O,et al.High expression of BCL-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy.

BCL-2是新一类癌基因——凋亡调控基因BCL-2家族的代表，其编码26kd的蛋白存在于线粒体、核膜及内质网，与同家族的其它成员组成不同比例的同、异二聚体而影响凋亡启动[6]。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。