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The mechanisms may include the impairment of neurocyte fr...

NaN3 造成的脑线粒体损伤模型为AD机理和治疗药物的研究提供了新的途径。

The results indicated that the typical apoptosis was induced by PRRSV in lungs and uteri. The ultrastructural changes showed different characterizations at different stages of the infection. During the early stage from 8th h to day 3 postinfection,the apoptosis cells shrank,the cytoplasm concentrated,the chromatin condensed,the kernel disaggregated and the endoplasmic reticulum dilated. During the middle stage from day 5 to day 9 postinfection,the apoptosis cells evidently shrank,the cell membranes protu berated,the plastosome manifolded,and apoptosis bodies were found. During the last stage from day 10 upwards postinfection,the apoptosis bodies degenerated and disappeared,and no inflammation occurred. Few apoptosis cells were necrotic.

结果表明，PRRSV可诱导宿主肺和子宫发生典型的细胞凋亡，表现为细胞的超微形态结构随着病毒感染进程出现不同的特征性变化，早期（感染后第8 h至第3 d）凋亡细胞多表现为细胞体积缩小，细胞质密度增强，染色质浓缩，核仁解体，内质网扩张；中期（感染后第5 d至第9 d）凋亡细胞体积显著缩小，细胞膜突起，线粒体增多，有凋亡小体形成；晚期（感染后第10 d以后）凋亡细胞形态多表现为凋亡小体降解和消失，少数凋亡细胞在凋亡晚期表现为坏死细胞。

The result was consistent with morphology of Pleuronectiformes on the whole.In the topology founded,Scophthalmus maximus and Solea senegalensis formed an independent branch each other and showed far relationship with species of Bothidae and Pleuronectidae,the phylogenic position of Solea senegalensis is accorded with the reported result of analysis made by mitochondrial genome.

运用PAUP软件对15种鲽形目鱼类与另外7种不同种属鱼类进行了分子系统进化树分析，结果与根据传统的形态学和生化特征分类进化地位基本一致，在15种鲽形目鱼类中只有大菱鲆和塞内加尔鳎各自单独形成一个分支且与鲆科和鲽科鱼类相距较远，其中塞内加尔鳎等种类的分类地位与根据线粒体DNA序列分析的系统发生模式基本吻合。

F. leucocephalus , the grizzled leaf monkey Presbytis (melalophos comata , and the ebony leaf monkey T.(cristatus auratus based on the ND3-ND4 gene sequences. The results show all the three taxa are evolutionarily significant units.

基于线粒体DNA ND3-ND4基因区序列的分子系统学分析还说明，白头叶猴虽然不是一个独立的物种，但它是一个进化显著性单元(evolutionarily significant unit)，在保护中应给予特别的重视。

Kasmira and cobia（Rachycentridae: Rachycentron canadum）were determined using long PCR and primer-walking methodology with universal primers, and their GenBank Accession numbers are FJ171339, FJ416614, FJ824741, FJ824742 and NC_011219, respectively.

malabaricus）和军曹鱼科的军曹鱼的线粒体DNA基因组全序列（GenBank序列号分别为FJ171339， FJ416614， FJ824741， FJ824742 和NC_011219），表明本文所用全序列测定体系的通用性较强，操作简单。

Electron micrograph showed us that hepatocytes were damaged seriously along with the prolonged NHBD time in A group. At the NHBD 120 and 150min in A group, hepatocytes showed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes, round swollen mitochondria with clear matrix and rough endoplasmic reticula which was not in a stacked arrangement.

电镜发现，A组随着心跳停搏时间的延长，肝细胞的损伤逐渐加重，至120和150min时，肝细胞内可出现大量空泡和溶酶体，线粒体和粗面内质网结构也遭到破坏，但未出现明显的坏死和凋亡改变。

Results: The cultured chondrocytes were polygonal cells. There were many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a lot of secretory vesicles under cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. When cultured for 10 days, some small and white nodules were formed on the bottom of the culture dished, and volcanic-mouth-like structures were formed when cultured for 20 days. Both these nodules and structures contained GAG-positive substances were demonstrated by safranine-O staining.

结果：体外培养的软骨细胞为多角形，透射电镜下见胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网系统及线粒体，胞膜下及胞浆中有较多分泌泡；连续培养10天时，培养瓶底部出现肉眼可见的白色结节，蕃红-O染色显示白色结节含大量氨基葡聚糖阳性物质，20天时形成火山口样结构，也被蕃红-O染成深红色。

The physical maps of mtDNAs from N.taihuensis Chen,Salvelinus taxa and Salmo salar were analyzed.Genetic distances between mtDNAs were calculated by the formula of Nei and Li(1979).Phylogenetic reconstruction method,UPGMA,was used to analyze the genetic relationships and the molecular dendrogram was established and revealed:the genetic distance between Salvelinus taxa and Salmo salar is 12.23% and that between N.taihuensis Chen and Salvelinus taxa-S.salar is 21.36%.Thisc indicates that Salangidae diverged from Salmoninae earlier.

比较了鲑形目3种鱼的线粒体DNA物理图谱，根据限制性位点差异法计算它们之间的遗传距离，利用UPGMA聚类分析法构建分子聚类图，结果表明：红点鲑属与大西洋鲑先聚在一起，再与太湖新银鱼相聚，前两者间遗传距离为12.33%，亲缘关系较近，太湖新银鱼与这两者间的遗传距离为21.36%，亲缘关系较远，表明银鱼科与鲑科分离较早。

It was found in many studies that the exercise led to the decrease of Ca2+ transportation capacities of sarcoplasmic reticulums and mitochondria.

大量的研究表明，运动引起肌浆网和线粒体转运Ca~(2+)能力下降，胞浆Ca~(2+)聚积是骨骼肌疲劳的重要原因，但是有关运动后胞浆钙聚积的直接证据尚未见到报道。

Using muscle samples taken from the powerful hind legs of locusts, Lovejoy and his colleagues used mitochondrial DNA sequences to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Schistocerca locusts.

拉夫卓伊和同事在研究过程中利用从蝗虫有力的后腿上取下的肌肉样本，使用线粒体DNA序列重塑了沙漠蝗的进化史。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。