线粒体的

This research toke the upland cotton cytoplasmic male-sterile line P30A etiolation seedling as the material. Reference rice, maize and other crops'mitochondrial DNA bacterial artificial chromosome library construction methods, and unifies cotton itself to include the gossipol, tannin easily to oxidize materials'particularity, established a high quality mitochondrial DNA's BAC library system.

本研究以陆地棉细胞质雄性不育系P30A的黄化苗为材料，参考水稻、玉米等主要农作物线粒体基因组细菌人工染色体文库的构建方法，并结合棉花本身含有棉酚、单宁等易氧化物质的特殊性，建立了一套构建高质量线粒体基因组BAC文库的体系。

Through the method, complete active pollen tube mitochondria is obtained, and the mitochondria separating and purifying efficiency is improved.

采用本方法获得完整的具有活力的花粉管的线粒体，提高了线粒体分离纯化效率。

The method is to use glutamate with certain concentration to induce DNA injury of PC12 cell line and observe the effect of agmatine on DNA fragment and mitochondrial function simultaneously.

在用一定浓度的谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞DNA断裂的同时，观察胍基丁胺对其DNA断裂和线粒体功能的影响，发现胍基丁胺能明显减轻谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞DNA断裂并能改善线粒体功能。

This article summarizes the research achievement on the structure of anura mtDNA this year, analyzes the diversity of frogs mtDNA gene rearrangement, we found that there are 8 kinds of different mtDNA arrangement orders altogether, and also preliminarily analyzes the relation of this different gene structure.

本文综述了今年来在无尾目线粒体基因组结构的研究成果，分析了蛙类mtDNA基因重排多样性，结果发现无尾目动物共有8类不同的线粒体基因排列方式，并初步分析了这些不同基因结构的关系。

On comparing with the common type 4, there are 18 genes presenting change in the rest 21 types, most of them are tRNA genes, and gene replacement, gene increase and gene absence are frequently happened; on the contrary, protein genes are more steady, gene change is mostly of gene replacement. The genome size of Gymnophiona are all smaller than 18000 bps and most of them range from 15000 to 16000 bps, those of Urodela and Anura are bigger than 16000 bps, most of Urodela range from 16000 to 17000 bps, most of Anura range from 17000 to 18000 bps.

与类型4比较，其余21种线粒体基因组类型涉及基因变动的基因共有18个，其中变动比较多的是tRNA基因，移位、增多和缺失的发生频率都较大，而蛋白编码基因比较稳定，主要是移位。78种两栖动物中，蚓螈目的线粒体基因组均小于18000bps，多数在15000~16000bps；有尾目和无尾目均大于16000bps，其中有尾目多数在16000~17000bps，无尾目的多数在17000~18000bps。

Purpose:To prove the effect of Evodia rutaecarpa on the respiratory system of mitochondria in mouse liver,the indes of these have been detected,and also the Regulatory mechanism.

目的：本试验尝试从给药组与空白组表征大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸功能各指标变化的角度，探索吴茱萸对机体呼吸功能的调控机制，以证实吴茱萸对大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸功能的影响。

An application of the test to the comparisons of the eleven sequenced arthropod mtDNAs revealed that most of the observed evolutionary models were homogeneous between the two mosquitoes but not between Daphnia pulex or Artemia Franciscan and the other arthropod, probably due to shifts to a high AT content.

在真实数据中，用11种节肢动物线粒体DNA的比较中发现，水蚤或卤虫与其他9种节肢动物以高百分比违背了同质性进化模型假设，显然是由于AT含量高而引起的，且在两种蚊子的线粒体DNA比较中发现，其满足同质性假设仅有7.69%。

For example, she found that the phytochemicals interfere with the orderly operations of mitochondria, the miniature energy-producing power plants inside cells. Without energy, cells die.

例如，她发现这些化学物质可以影响那些已衰老的细胞的线粒体，失去了线粒体为细胞提供能量的正常功能，这些细胞就会死亡。

AtDFA is dihydrofolate synthase localized in mitochondria, it catalyzes one glutamate added to the dihydropteroate and produces dihydrofolat. AtDFB, AtDFC and AtDFD are folylpolyglutamate synthase localized in plastid, mitochondria and cytosol respectively. A short chain ofγ-linked glutamates can be added by FPGS.Folate molecules exist in vivo mainly as polyglutamates and these are preferred by folate-dependent enzymes.

AtDFA为二氢叶酸合成酶(dihydrofolate synthase，DHFS)，定位于线粒体，在它的催化作用下，一个谷氨酸分子与二氢蝶酸(dihydropteroate ， DHP)相结合，形成二氢叶酸；AtDFB、AtDFC、AtDFD为多聚谷氨酸合成酶(folylpolyglutamate synthase，FPGS)，分别定位于质体、线粒体和细胞质，在多聚谷氨酸合成酶的作用下，谷氨酸分子可以逐一连接到四氢叶酸的谷氨酸γ位。

The damage of mitochondrion is one of pathomechanisms which can induced many diseases.

已知线粒体在外来化学物所致的细胞损伤，尤其是氧化损伤中为主要的靶细胞器，线粒体损伤是导致多种疾病发生的主要病理机制之一。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。